اثربخشی درمان مبتنی بر شفقت بر تاب آوری و سرسختی خانواده در زنان سرپرست خانوار (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
این پژوهش با هدف اثربخشی شفقت درمانی بر تاب آوری و سرسختی خانواده در زنان سرپرست خانوار تحت پوشش کمیته امداد امام خمینی (ره) انجام شد. روش پژوهش نیمه آزمایشی از نوع پیش آزمون-پس آزمون و پیگیری با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری پژوهش زنان سرپرست خانوار کمیته امداد امام خمینی شهرستان یزد در سال 1402 بودند. برای انتخاب نمونه به روش نمونه گیری دردسترس 30 زن سرپرست خانوار انتخاب شدند و به صورت تصادفی در گروه های آزمایش (15 زن) و کنترل (15 زن) قرار گرفتند. پس از گروه بندی و انجام پیش آزمون، طی 24 جلسه 90 دقیقه ای، درمان مبتنی بر شفقت به گروه آزمایش ارائه شد. ابزار سنجش این پژوهش، پرسشنامه های تاب آوری خانواده و سرسختی خانواده بود. جهت تحلیل داده ها از آزمون تحلیل واریانس با اندازه گیری مکرر وآزمون تعقیبی بن فرونی استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که درمان مبتنی بر شفقت باعث بهبود تاب آوری و سرسختی خانواده در زنان سرپرست خانوار می شود. بنابراین درمان مبتنی بر شفقت می تواند گزینه مناسبی برای زنان سرپرست خانوار باشد تا بتوانند مشفقانه با خود رفتار کند و برخورد مناسب تری با فشارها و مسئولیت های زندگی داشته باشند.The Effect of Compassion-Focused Therapy on Resilience and Family Hardiness in Female-Headed Households
T he number of female heads of households is increasing, they are more vulnerable to the stresses brought to the family, and employment and life responsibilities are more difficult for them than for married women (Asieduet et al., 2024). Female heads of households are at risk of psychosocial factors that reduce their resilience and hardiness. (Hassanzade et al., 2019). Therefore, it is necessary to increase these two psychological characteristics among female heads of households with the help of therapeutic methods. Compassion therapy is one of the therapeutic methods that leads to a reduction in symptoms of depression and anxiety in individuals (Kaveh Farsani et al., 2021). Therefore, the hypotheses of this study are:
Compassion-based therapy is effective on the resilience of female-headed households.
Compassion-based therapy is effective on the resilience of female-headed households.
Method
The present study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and a follow-up with a control group. After obtaining the code of ethics through the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee (RA), Yazd, Iran by referring to the executive offices, the female heads of households were identified and women who were willing to participate in the project and met the criteria for entry into the project were selected using the available sampling method and then randomly assigned to two groups (experimental group and control group). The Family Resilience Scale and Family Hardiness Index questionnaires were used to obtain pre-test scores (before the intervention) in the experimental group and the control group. Then, compassion-focused therapy (Gilbert, 2014) was implemented in 24 90-minute sessions twice a week for the experimental group, and the control group did not receive any intervention. After the end of the group psychotherapy sessions, both groups were evaluated with the same two questionnaires to obtain post-test scores, and finally, after two months, both groups were evaluated again to obtain follow-up scores. Then, the data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software. For descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation were used, while for inferential statistics, analysis of variance with repeated measures and Bonferroni post-test were used.
Results
To analyze the data, analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Bonferroni post hoc test were used. Before presenting the results of the repeated-measures analysis of variance, the assumptions of the parametric tests were tested. Accordingly, the results of the Shapiro-Wilk test indicated that the assumptions of normal distribution of the data in the variable of family resilience and hardiness of female-headed households in the experimental and control groups in the pre-test stage were met (p < 0.05). Also, the assumption of homogeneity of variance was tested by the Levine test, and its results were not significant, which indicated that the assumption of homogeneity of variances was not rejected (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the results of the t-test showed that the difference in the pre-test scores of the experimental and control groups in the dependent variables (family resilience and hardiness in female-headed households) was not significant (p<0.05). Moreover, the results of the Mauchly test indicated that the assumption of sphericity of the data in the variable of family resilience and hardiness of female-headed households was met (p<0.05). Considering the average scores of the different stages of the test, it was observed that in the pre-test stage, the average scores of family resilience and hardiness in the two experimental and control groups did not differ significantly. However, in the post-test and follow-up stages, a significant difference was observed in favor of the experimental group (p<0.05, F=213.798). In regards to family hardiness, the average of the experimental group also increased in the post-test and follow-up, while no significant change was observed in the control group. Therefore, these findings indicated that the two groups did not differ in the pre-test, but in the post-test and follow-up, a significant difference was observed in favor of the experimental group. (p<0.05, F=274.478). Accordingly, the first hypothesis that self-compassion-based therapy would affect increasing resilience was confirmed. The second hypothesis that this therapy would have an effect on increasing family resilience was also confirmed. According to the obtained results, the presentation of the independent variable (Compassion-Focused therapy package) lead to a significant difference in the mean scores of the dependent variables (i.e., family resilience and tenacity) in the post-test stage at the error level of 0.05. The mean scores of family resilience and tenacity variables observed a significant change during the post-test and follow-up stages, regardless of the effect of grouping, which was a significant difference compared to the pre-test.
Conclusion
This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of compassion-based therapy for improving the resilience and hardiness of the families of female-headed households. According to the results obtained, compassion therapy was effective on the resilience of the experimental group's family. These results are consistent with the research of Taher Karami et al. (2018) and Franco and Christie (2021). The findings of the study also show that compassion therapy was effective on the hardiness of the families of female-headed households. These results are consistent with the research of Mahdavi et al. (2014) and Kohaki et al. (2014). Moiseevitch et al. (2019) showed that people with higher self-compassion have more progress in their goals, more positive affect, and less negative affect, and in general, self-compassion increases adaptation and coping in individuals and hardiness. Among the limitations of this study were the use of an accessible and voluntary sampling method and the existence of special conditions for selecting subjects, the small sample size, and the inability to control variables such as economic status, job, and stressors. Accordingly, it is suggested that future research should use random sampling, control for confounding variables, and use tools such as interviews and observation. Another limitation of this study was that it focused solely on female heads of households covered by the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee (RA) in Yazd, Iran. Therefore, generalizing the results to female heads of households who were not covered by the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee (RA) should be done with caution. The authors recommend that compassion-based treatment also be implemented for female heads of households who are not clients of this organization.
Ethical Consideration
Compliance with Ethical Guidelines: All ethical considerations were observed, including ensuring the confidentiality of participants’ identities and obtaining informed consent from all participants .
Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Authors’ contributions: All authors contributed to the study. The first author conducted the intervention and data collection and wrote the introduction and method sections. The second author wrote the results and discussion sections and edited the initial draft.
Funding: The authors did not receive any financial support for this study.
Acknowledgments: We would like to express our deepest gratitude to the Imam Khomeini (RA) Relief Committee of Yazd for their assistance and support in carrying out this research.
تبلیغات
