المرأه وحلیتها فی العصر الأموی کمظهر حضاریّ (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
تعددت السمات الحضاریه المادیه فی العصر الأموی، والتی تعطی انطباعاً عن الحیاه والبیئه التی عاش الناس فیها، فعلى الرغم من حیاه البادیه فی أکثر البلاد العربیه إلا أنه یظهر فی شعر هذا العصر الکثیر من السمات الحضاریه، وتعدد هذه السمات یدل على وجود الحضاره فی البیئات العربیه. جاء هذا العصر فی أعقاب مرحله انتقالیه اتسمت بتحول فی منظومه القیم القدیمه، وإعاده النظر فی الثابت والمألوف وفی الأمور التی تقع فی النفس موقع البدهیات، واعترى الشخصیه العربیه قدر غیر قلیل من القلق والتساؤل والتوزّع، وبذلک أصبحت الذات الفردیه والذات الاجتماعیه موضوعاً للتأمل والنظر والفحص والمراجعه ، وکانت المرأه عنصراً أساسیاً فی هذه الذات، فأصابها ما أصاب الذات من القلق والتساؤل وإعاده النظر. فتبرز صوره المرأه المعطره دلاله عل ى اهتم ام الم رأه بنف سها ورقیه ا الحضاری باستخدامها للعطر کمظهر جمالی، ویظهرالشاعر أیضاً الرقی الذی ب دا واضحاً فی تعامل الرجل مع المرأه الإنسانه. یشیر نتائج البحث إلی ما یتعلق بانعکاس تأثیر الحضاره على المرأه والمتمثل فی زینتها فیتمثل فی رغبه النساء العربیات فی اقتناء الحلی واللآلئ والفضه والدرّ وإلخ... یتزین بها. والسؤال الذی یطرح هنا: کیف یتجلی المظهر الحضاری فی العصر الأموی فی المرأه وحلیتها وکیف انعکس هذا الأمر فی الشعر. للإجابه علی هذا السؤال اعتمدنا علی منهج الوصفی التحلیلی.Women and their adornment in the Umayyad era as a civilized aspect
The Umayyad era exhibited a variety of material cultural features, giving an impression of the life and environment in which people lived. Despite the desert life in most Arab countries, many cultural features appear in the poetry of this era. The multiplicity of these features indicates the presence of civilization in Arab environments. This era came in the wake of a transitional phase characterized by a shift in the old value system, a reconsideration of the constant and familiar, and of matters that are taken for granted in the mind. The Arab personality was afflicted with a considerable amount of anxiety, questioning, and division. Thus, the individual and social self became the subject of contemplation, consideration, examination, and review. Women were a fundamental element in this self, and were afflicted with the same anxiety, questioning, and reconsideration that afflicted the self. The image of the perfumed woman stands out as an indication of women's interest in themselves and their cultural advancement through their use of perfume as an aesthetic aspect. The poet also shows the advancement that was clearly evident in men's dealings with women as human beings. The research results point to the reflection of the influence of civilization on women, represented in their adornment, represented by the desire of Arab women to acquire jewelry, pearls, silver, pearls, etc., with which to adorn themselves. The question that arises here is: How is the cultural aspect of the Umayyad era manifested in women and their adornments, and how is this reflected in poetry? To answer this question, we relied on a descriptive-analytical approach. Keywords: Umayyad era, Arabic poetry, civilization, women, adornment. Introduction The Umayyad era witnessed a decisive transformation in the history of Arab society, paved by the early days of Islam. Part of the transformation occurred from a nomadic phase to a more urban one. In no more than a century, the Arabs' faith changed, and they left their deserts and villages, carrying their new faith to settle in different lands. Numerous civilizations arrived, introducing diverse cultures, customs, and traditions they had not previously known. There is no doubt that this migration and arrival, along with the conquests, revolutions, and unrest that accompanied them, profoundly shook the Arab psyche. The Arab environments in the Umayyad era were influenced by the cultural aspects of other nations, especially the Persian civilization. The Arabs’ interaction with other nations and peoples played a major role in their acquisition of many cultures and aspects that were not known to them before. This interaction contributed to strengthening and developing their cultural aspect. These matters were not limited to the mirror of the self alone, but rather extended to the social self. Thus, society reconsidered the position of women in relation to men, and from this social life that boils and seeths only change and transformation as a way to it. The early Islamic period, in addition to what I have mentioned, represented the heroic age in Arab history. In this era, ancient Arab chivalry witnessed its tremendous launch, and, filled with the spirit of the new religion, it rushed forward, destroying the two empires of the ancient world: the Romans and the Persians, and establishing on their ruins the first centralized Arab state in their history. History teaches us that women were greatly appreciated and cared for in heroic eras. When the matter fell to the Umayyads, the ethnicities of that recent heroic age remained alive and well in this new society. The new system of values had settled and consolidated, despite the occasional revolt against it from the sediments of the old values. However, this was the revolt of one who defends himself against extinction, not the revolt of the dominant ruler who refuses to be rivaled or equaled. Aspects of civilization were noticeably reflected in the inhabitants of the Umayyad
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