درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

In todays’ world of climate change and increasing pollution, the concept of green travel and tourism has been proposed as a possible mitigating solution. However, the pace with which tourists embrace this new concept is slow. It can be argued that the reluctance to embrace is linked to the inability to understand the spiritual side of green travel and tourism. It is said that humankind have the tendency separate itself from nature. Nature is considered as ‘others’ and does not merit the same level of respect. Nature is there for humankind’s use and consumption, a thinking that easily leads to abuse and destruction. The same can be applied to tourism. While international travel includes a substantial number of tourists who would consider themselves to be religious and spiritual, it is argued that not many of them will be able to decipher the spiritual aspect of opting for green travel and tourism compared to mass tourism. This paper attempts to demonstrate the close link between green travel and tourism with spirituality. It tends to explain why more people who believe in religion and spirituality should strongly consider the concept in their travel decisions. The hope is to increase public awareness on the spirituality of green travel and tourism so the concept will soon become the order of the day.  

Intangible cultural heritage, a cornerstone of sustainable tourism development, plays a pivotal role in differentiating destinations and attracting visitors. However, its effective preservation and promotion require a comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence its development. This study employs a qualitative research approach, specifically an exploratory design. The target population comprises experts in the field of tourism and cultural heritage, and snowball sampling was utilized to select participants. The study data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed by using the thematic analysis method and MAXQDA software. The method of retesting the interviews has been used to confirm and increase the validity of the interviews’ results. The output obtained from the analysis of the interviews includes 270 open codes and 80 axial codes in the form of 18 sub-themes, which are as following: creative tourists, infrastructure, capitalistic view of heritage, linking heritage with tourism, women's relationship with intangible heritage, destination management, organization, combination of creativity and culture, empowering and augmenting women’s capability, education, motivation, women's role, supporting women, supporting creative tourism, capacity and competitiveness of the destination, characteristics of the destination, handicrafts and festivals. These themes have been embedded in the three main categories of creativity, creative tourism and development of intangible heritage. On the basis of that, a model for the development of intangible cultural heritage was proposed. The findings of this study showed that in many destinations, the development of creative tourism and the creativity of the residential community, especially women, can be one of the branches of tourism development and as an incentive for the development of intangible cultural heritage.

Bali tourism faced conflict with the local community because of the utilization and commodification of sacred and forest areas. The first sacred area conflict occurred in 1994, based on the use of the sacred land “Tanah Lot” become tourists resort namely Bali Nirvana Resort (BNR). Furthermore, this problem is presently observed in the utilization of mangrove forests for the international airport and LNG (liquefied natural gas) terminals, respectively. In these conflicts, all facilities are designed to support the increase in the inbound tourist visits and foreign investment. This growth of Bali tourism threatens the development of sustainable tourism, which concerned with environment, local communities and local economy, but spiritual tourism creates the conflict subsided due to the dependence of spiritual tourism on sacred areas, the environment, and local community resources. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of spiritual tourism in building sustainable economy based on the local wisdom of Bali Tri Hita Karana. Data were qualitatively analyzed and obtained from literature reviews, observations, and in-depth interviews. The results showed that spiritual tourism emphasized sacred areas, the surrounding natural environment, and local community assets. This dependence developed a mutually beneficial relationship, subsequently leading to the CSR of Spiritual Tourism. The CSR based on the local wisdom Tri Hita Karana which create harmonious between the local people, environment, and investment.

This study presents a significant contribution to the field of sustainable cultural tourism at world heritage sites, a crucial area in light of the World Tourism Organization's (WTO) projections for 2030. Employing a comprehensive and integrated approach, the research systematically synthesizes existing qualitative studies to address the question of sustainable development in this context. A rigorous meta-synthesis, following the methodology of Sandelowski and Barroso, was applied to 43 scientifically credible articles selected via the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). This selection process ensured the inclusion of high-quality research. The study's major intellectual contribution is the development of a new paradigmatic model for understanding sustainable cultural tourism at world heritage sites. This model was constructed using Grounded Theory Strategy and Maxqda2020 software, facilitating a structured analysis and interpretation of the data. The model organizes 99 primary codes into 20 main and secondary categories, providing a comprehensive framework that encapsulates the core phenomena of the field. Moreover, the study's findings are further validated through the use of Cohen's kappa Coefficient in SPSS, achieving a score of 0.714, which experts have confirmed. This statistical validation underscores the reliability of the research outcomes. Overall, this study not only synthesizes a wide range of existing qualitative research but also advances the field by offering a novel model and ensuring the reliability of its findings. These contributions are particularly relevant for policy makers and practitioners focused on the sustainable development of tourism, especially in the context of preserving cultural heritage at world heritage sites.

The potential of a destination to offer distinct local foods influences its image and brand, which in turn results in attracting tourists. In addition, it can be considered a tool to promote a given destination. From a sustainable perspective, culinary tourism provides local communities with a range of opportunities for growth in economic, sociocultural, and even ecological dimensions. Local community involvement is essential in any process involving the promotion of local tourism products; therefore, the importance of local community participation is emphasized in this study. To this end, the current study aims to determine how a community can be involved in promoting cuisine as a cultural tourism product. Adopting a qualitative approach, this research applied interviews as a tool to gather the required data. The city of Rasht in Iran was designated as the study area. The study population was specialists and academics in tourism marketing, officials in tourism-related institutions responsible for local tourism development, chefs, and locals working in the local cuisine sector. A content analysis was performed, leading to the extraction of nine main themes, including community-led creative promotional efforts, continuity and preservation of the position by local people, empowering the local community, sustainable development of food tourism emphasizing community involvement, the government’s support and providing the required infrastructure, building and maintaining the brand, advertising effort, supply and sale, and research and development.

Recreation centres worldwide serve as prominent attractions, offering visitors opportunities for relaxation and enjoyment. Within the continuously growing hospitality industry, there is significant potential for international investment and foreign exchange. This study delves into the cultural significance of Gurara Waterfalls by evaluating stakeholder feedback. Employing a quantitative research method, the study utilized a virtual survey to gather data from 170 inhabitants of the Minna-Abuja environs. The primary focus of the questionnaire was to unravel the intricate tapestry of visitors' experiences at Gurara Waterfalls. Through a meticulous analysis of prevalent issues, captivating features, and overall emotional responses, the aim was to investigate the untapped potentials of cultural tourism embedded in this natural wonder. The practical implications of user perceptions on Gurara Waterfall and its surrounding facilities are presented. The findings from this research provide valuable insights into the cultural connections surrounding Gurara Waterfalls, shedding light on opportunities for enhancing the visitor experience and unlocking the latent cultural tourism prospects associated with this captivating natural site. As a recommendation, further research should explore creative and innovative structures for Gurara Waterfalls and other Nigerian tourist destinations, aiming to create, sustain and increase cultural tourist interest and overall visitor satisfaction.