تبیین چگونگی پذیرش فناوری بلاکچین در بانکداری الکترونیک (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
در این مطالعه به بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر پذیرش فناوری بلاکچین در بانکداری الکترونیک پرداخته شد. برای این منظور از توسعه مدل یکپارچه پذیرش و استفاده از فناوری با استفاده از دو عامل واسطه ای اعتماد اولیه و ریسک درک شده استفاده شد. بنابراین، قابلیت توسعه مدل یکپارچه پذیرش و استفاده از فناوری، از طریق دو عامل واسطه ای اعتماد اولیه و ریسک درک شده، مبنای طرح فرضیات تحقیق بوده که از طریق آزمون معناداری اثر اجزای مدل بر روی پذیرش فناوری بلاکچین در بانکداری الکترونیک و با نقش میانجی این عوامل مورد آزمون قرار گرفته است. برای اندازه گیری متغیرها از پرسشنامه استفاده شده و جامعه آماری تحقیق را مدیران ارشد و میانی بانک سامان در شهر تهران تشکیل دادند. تعداد 72 نفر از آن ها به شیوه غیراحتمالی در دسترس، نمونه آماری تحقیق انتخاب شدند. تجزیه وتحلیل داده ها با استفاده از مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری به روش حداقل مربعات جزئی انجام گرفت و نتایج نشان داد عوامل موثر بر پذیرش فناوری بلاکچین در بانکداری الکترونیک را می توان شامل پیشایندهای انتظارات عملکرد و شرایط تسهیل کننده و عامل واسطه ای اعتماد اولیه دانست. هر دوی این پیشایندها از طریق اعتماد اولیه نیز اثرات قابل توجهی بر پذیرش این فناوری در بانکداری الکترونیک داشته اند، اما نقش ریسک درک شده به عنوان یک عامل واسطه ای در این مدل قابل توجه نبود. نتایج نشان داد که از میان پیشایندهای مدل توسعه یافته یکپارچه پذیرش و استفاده از فناوری، تنها انتظارات عملکرد به طور مستقیم بر پذیرش این فناوری تأثیرگذار است و شرایط تسهیل کننده به خودی خود، تاثیر قابل توجهی بر پذیرش این فناوری ندارد.Explaining how to adopt blockchain technology in electronic banking
Introduction :
Today, new technologies are emerging and changing all over the world. The general access to the Internet and the availability of Internet-connected devices such as cellphones, tablets, and personal computers have made a wide range of people aware of the rapid technological advances. The increased awareness and familiarity of consumers with new technologies has attracted the attention of many industries towards these technologies and the application of new technologies in the industry. Hence, the concept of Industry 4.0, which represents major modernizations in the economy and society through technology, has been explained and in this industry, the modification of internal and external application models for desirable interactions in the digital process has become the focus of attention.The fourth industrial revolution refers to the rapid changes in technology, industries, and social and operational patterns that have become widespread during the 21st century in order to increase interconnections and intelligent automation.
The banking industry is also one of the industries that, under the influence of technological progress, has tried to update the ways of communicating with customers and providing financial and credit services. Banks began their attention and movement towards information technology after the ease of access of society to independent personal computers and, subsequently, computer networks. The emergence and development of electronic banking technologies, which today are considered in their developed form as "electronic banking", has also been one of the consequences of technological development.
Methodology:
This research is classified as applied research in terms of its purpose and is classified as correlational studies in terms of its analysis method. Therefore, performance expectations and facilitating conditions are considered antecedents of behavioral intentions. Because hope for effort and social impact cannot yet explain behavioral intentions to adopt this technology due to the significant lack of acceptance of blockchain technology in Iran. Instead of these demographic factors, in order to develop this model, important contextual mediators such as: initial trust and perceived risk were considered in the proposed model of the present study. Therefore, the research hypotheses in order to develop the integrated theory of technology acceptance and use model and determine the effect of each factor of this model on the adoption of blockchain technology in electronic banking are:
Hypothesis 1: Initial trust, the mediating factor in the developed model of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, has a significant effect on the adoption of blockchain technology in electronic banking.
Hypothesis 2: Perceived risk is a mediating factor in the developed the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, and has a significant effect on the adoption of blockchain technology in e-banking.
The conceptual model of the research to measure the impact of factors affecting the adoption of blockchain technology in e-banking has been developed under the integrated theory of technology acceptance and use model. In this model, facilitating conditions are the user's belief that institutional support and infrastructure are available to help use the targeted technology. From the perspective of the blockchain environment in the bank, facilitating conditions emphasize the availability of the technical structure for the adoption and use of technology, and all are influenced by the sufficient level of technical, organizational, infrastructural, and human support of users to use the technology. In addition, facilitating conditions help increase users' initial trust in using the technology.
Results and Discussion:
The results showed that the factors affecting the adoption of blockchain technology in digital banking can be considered as the antecedents of performance expectations and facilitating conditions and the mediating factor of initial trust. So that both of these antecedents have had significant effects on the adoption of this technology in digital banking through initial trust, but the role of perceived risk as a mediating factor in the adoption model of blockchain technology in digital banking was not significant. The results also showed that among the antecedents of the developed integrated theory of technology acceptance and use model, only performance expectations directly affect the adoption of this technology, and facilitating conditions by themselves do not have a significant impact on the adoption of this technology.
Conclusion:
This study formulated and empirically tested an extended The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model to explain the important predictors of Iranian bankers’ intention to use blockchain technology at an individual level. The research proposes a comprehensive strategy for future studies on the adoption of new technologies (e.g., blockchain) by emphasizing the utility of the UTAUT extension by integrating crucial contextual elements. The research provides practitioners with helpful insights that can be used to create and ensure the seamless deployment of blockchain technology within the banking sector. It seems that investing in the performance results of adopting blockchain technology as well as informing the responsible authorities and policymakers in the field of technology transfer in order to gain their trust in new technologies like blockchain can have favorable results in the adoption of this technology. Since the high security and low risk of this technology have been confirmed in many theoretical and experimental studies, and the structure of the definition of this technology is also based on reducing the risk of fraud, it seems that the use of factors such as perceived risk is in conflict with this technology. Based on this, it is suggested to policy makers in the field of technology transfer and creation, with the aim of reducing operational risk, disclosure and fraud in digital banking and on the other hand, increasing the level of information security, to pay more attention to the creation or transfer of blockchain technology from similar industries to the banking field.
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