صمد میرزاسوزنی

صمد میرزاسوزنی

مطالب
ترتیب بر اساس: جدیدترینپربازدیدترین

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۱.

Translation Strategies in English Renditions of End-Time Saviour Verses in the Qur’ān: The Influence of the Translator’s Religious Background

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Textual and Translation Analysis in Islamic Studies, Volume ۲, Issue ۳, ۲۰۲۴ 227 - 251

کلیدواژه‌ها: Exegesis Savoiurship Religious Background Ideology the Noble Qur’ān

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The present study aimed to investigate the translation strategies used in the English renditions of the end-of-the-world saviourship verses of the Holy Qur’ān, from the perspective of the translators' religious backgrounds. For this purpose, the English translations by three translators, Muslim, Christian, and Jewish (namely, Saffarzadeh (2001), Arberry (1957), and Dawood (1956), respectively), on the topic of saviourship in the Holy Qur’ān were collected and examined. To identify the translation strategy or strategies and to support the analysis of the translations and the ideologies underlying them, Newmark’s (1988) translation strategies, as well as a revised model of Larson’s (1998) TQA proposed by Rahimi (2004) (including accuracy, clarity, and naturalness), were employed as theoretical frameworks. Additionally, two Qur’ānic exegeses by Gulam Malik Farid and Tafsir al-Mizan by Allameh Tabataba’I, alongside selected authentic traditions or Hadiths, were consulted to provide a deeper understanding of the Qur’ānic interpretations. The results of the study indicated that ideological factors played a significant role in the choice of translation procedures, the translator’s intentions, and the academic and exegetical references used in each translation. More specifically, the Muslim translator tended toward a more meaning-oriented approach, placing greater emphasis on conveying meaning than the Jewish and Christian translators. Saffarzadeh also made more deliberate efforts to avoid manipulation and distortion compared to the other two translators.
۲.

The Washback Effects of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (MSRT) Test on Iranian Ph.D. Candidates' English Language Learning Skills Running Title: Washback Effects of the Ministry of(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: The International Journal of Humanities, Volume ۳۱, Issue ۲ (۲۰۲۴) 33 - 55
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This explanatory sequential mixed-method study aimed to investigate the washback effect of a local English Proficiency Exam (the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology Test (MSRT)) on Iranian Ph.D. candidates' English language learning skills. The study also examined the changes Iranian Ph.D. candidates perceive as essential to make the MSRT module implementation more useful for English learning. To this end, a sample of 150 Ph.D. candidates with differences in gender, age, and major were invited from Islamic Azad universities of Shiraz and Marvdasht to complete a questionnaire designed in terms of MSRT washback. The participants were chosen through a combination of stratified and convenience sampling methods. Furthermore, a sample of 20 PhD candidates from the same population was selected based on purposeful sampling and participated in the semi-structured interview sessions. The results of the data analysis represented some positive and negative washback effects on MSRT. Moreover, the participants suggested some recommendations on necessary changes and alterations for the MSRT test to facilitate university English learning further. Their feedback was in line with their viewpoints on why MSRT preparation had not satisfactorily prepared them to manage university workloads. The pedagogical implications will be discussed.
۳.

An Investigation into Three Persian Translations of Gibran Khalil Gibran’s The Prophet

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Textual and Translation Analysis in Islamic Studies, Volume ۲, Issue ۲, ۲۰۲۴ 156 - 171

کلیدواژه‌ها: Inner paratext Labeling Outer paratext Reframing theory Textual choices

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This descriptive and comparative study aimed to analyze reframing strategies in the Persian translation of Gibran Khalil Gibran’s The Prophet (1923). The study examined the entire book and its three Persian translations: Mostapha Elm (1961), Mahdi Maghsodi (2004), and Hossein Mohyeddin Elahi Ghomshei (2015). Reframing strategies are significant tools used by translators to adapt a text to a different context. To guide this analysis, we applied Baker’s (2007) reframing theory, which includes labeling, outer paratext, inner paratext, and textual choices encompassing translational and contextual strategies. The findings revealed that among the three Persian translations of The Prophet, Elahi Ghomshei’s version employs a rich array of inner and outer paratextual strategies, often Islamizing the text through frequent theological references to classic Persian poets. His translation is also more heavily commented, interpreted, and reframed compared to those of Maghsodi and Elm. Additionally, Elahi Ghomshei’s translation stands out for its temporal and spatial relevance, as it connects the events to the poet’s era and the original Islamic context. In contrast, while Maghsodi’s and Elm’s translations show few signs of such strategies, Elahi Ghomshei’s work offers examples where the content of Persian poems closely aligns with the English text.
۴.

Inside the ESP Classroom: Analyzing MBA Students' Learning Difficulties Through Teachers' Eyes(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۱۲, Issue ۵۱, Winter ۲۰۲۴ 119 - 133

کلیدواژه‌ها: ESP ESP teachers MBA Learning challenges

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English for Specific Purposes, known as the acronym 'ESP’, has been a distinct activity in the field of English Language Teaching (ELT). This study investigates the challenges Iranian MBA students face in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) programs from the perspectives of their instructors. Utilizing semi-structured interviews and classroom observations with ten ESP teachers, the research identifies five major themes: lack of relevant business background, medium of instruction issues, communication challenges (oral and listening skills), the speed of teachers' speech, and deficiencies in writing skills. Findings reveal that students with non-business backgrounds struggle with quantitative coursework, while the transition from Persian to English exacerbates difficulties, particularly for those juggling work and study. Teachers noted persistent issues with students’ English proficiency, notably in speaking and listening, which hindered class participation and comprehension. The rapid pace of lectures and poor note-taking skills further complicated students’ ability to keep up with the curriculum. To address these multifaceted challenges, the study suggests implementing remedial courses, enhancing English language support, and adjusting teaching methodologies. These tailored interventions aim to improve students' academic performance and overall learning experience in ESP programs, offering valuable insights for educational institutions striving to support MBA students better. The pedagogical implications are discussed.
۵.

A Comparative Analysis of Qur’ānic Allusions in Two English Translations of Hafiz’s Poems

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Textual and Translation Analysis in Islamic Studies, Volume ۲, Issue ۴, ۲۰۲۴ 378 - 405

کلیدواژه‌ها: Hafiz poems Leppihalme's model Literary Translation Qur’ānic allusions

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The present comparative-descriptive study aimed to investigate two English translations of Qur’ānic allusions in Hafiz’s poems based on Leppihalme’s (1997) model. To this end, 50 ghazals from The Divan of Hafiz and two corresponding English translations by Clarke (2005) and Salami (2016), were selected through random sampling. After data collection, comparisons were made and analyzed according to Leppihalme’s (1997) translation procedures to identify which strategies were used more or less frequently by the two translators and to examine any differences between the translated and original texts, as well as between the translations themselves. Descriptive statistics, including frequency counts and percentages, along with inferential statistics such as the Chi-square test, were applied. The results of the descriptive analysis showed that the most frequently used strategies in both translations were Literal Translation, Replacement by Target-Language Equivalent, and Replacement by Source-Language Equivalent, respectively. The inferential analysis indicated that there was no significant difference in the translators’ use of translation procedures based on Leppihalme’s model when compared with the original text. Moreover, there were no notable differences between the two English translations of Qur’ānic allusions when compared with each other
۶.

A Descriptive Study of Coherence in Seven English Translations of the Surah An-Naba

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Textual and Translation Analysis in Islamic Studies, Volume ۲, Issue ۱, ۲۰۲۴ 69 - 87

کلیدواژه‌ها: Explanatory coherence Source language Supplemental coherence Surah An-Naba Target text

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This study is concerned with coherence in seven translations of the Surah al-Naba’ in the Holy Qur’an. Considering Charroles’ (1983) descriptive model that establishing coherence may involve adding new information to the target text, it aimed to find the frequency of supplemental and explanatory coherence and reveal whether translating coherence may result in an explicated translation or not. For this purpose, Charolles’ (1983) dichotomous modes of coherence in translation, namely supplemental (implicitation) and explanatory (explicitation) was considered as the framework of the study. The data to be analyzed were selected according to the method of purposive data collection in sacred scriptures. Also, seven renditions of the Holy Surah al-Naba’ by seven celebrated translators were taken into account, and the coherence relations were discovered by the interpretations to unravel the frequency and essence of the translated verses. The results indicated that most renditions had the same coherence level compared with the source text, by providing only minimal information existing in the verse, which was most often in accordance with the mode of supplemental coherence. As the nature of explicitation is still hypothetical in translation, the results of the study would offer a great opportunity to improve renditions in case of Qur’anic translations.
۷.

Comparing Dynamic and Formal Equivalence in Three English Translations of Nahj al-Balagha: A Study of Selected Letters

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Textual and Translation Analysis in Islamic Studies, Volume ۲, Issue ۱, ۲۰۲۴ 26 - 41

کلیدواژه‌ها: Dynamic Equivalence equivalence Formal Equivalence Nahj Al-Balagha religious texts

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The translation of religious texts plays a crucial role within the translators’ community, prompting many translators to strive for the most appropriate equivalents in order to convey the themes and ideas as comprehensively as possible. The primary objective of the present study was to investigate the differences in equivalence among translators while translating twenty conveniently selected letters from Nahj al-Balagha from the original to the target text. Specifically, it aimed to determine whether the three English translations of Nahj al-Balagha by Mohammad Askari Jafari, Morteza Motahhari, and Sayed Ali Reza convey the same message. In this context, the research sought to identify any significant differences in equivalence among the three Persian-to-English translations by these translators. Nida’s (1964) model of equivalence served as the framework for the study, allowing a comparison of the three English translations of letters 40 to 60. This analysis focused on identifying the types of equivalence used based on Nida’s distinctions between dynamic and formal equivalence. The results indicated significant differences among the three translations: Sayed Ali Reza’s and Motahhari’s translations were notably more formal in tone, while Askari Jafari's translation was characterized as dynamic. These findings can be informative for readers interested in further research on the translation of religious texts, including Nahj al-Balagha.
۸.

An Analysis of Six English Translations of Qur’ānic Proper Nouns in Ligh of Chesterman’s Translation Strategies

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Textual and Translation Analysis in Islamic Studies, Volume ۲, Issue ۲, ۲۰۲۴ 188 - 202

کلیدواژه‌ها: Chesterman’s (1997) model Loan translation Paraphrase Proper nouns Translational strategies Synonymy

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This study aimed to examine the strategies employed in translating Qur’ānic proper names, using Chesterman’s (1997) model as the theoretical framework. To achieve this, 100 Arabic proper nouns were purposively sampled to analyze the frequency and distribution of translation strategies across six English translations of the Holy Qur’ān. The translations considered were those by Yusuf Ali (1934), Pickthall (1930), Saffarzadeh (2001), Arberry (1973), Qarai (2003), and Shakir (1993). After identifying all proper names, the translation strategies utilized by each translator were coded and compared. The findings revealed that all translators relied on three primary strategies: loan translation, paraphrase, and synonymy, though their usage varied in frequency. Loan translation emerged as the most frequently used strategy among all translators, whereas paraphrase was the least used, except in the cases of Saffarzadeh and Shakir. Specifically, Saffarzadeh applied paraphrase and synonymy with equal frequency, while Shakir favored paraphrase over synonymy. In conclusion, the analysis showed that all six translators employed only three of the strategies outlined in Chesterman’s (1997) model. Loan translation was the predominant strategy, followed by synonymy and paraphrase, with the latter two varying slightly in their order of frequency among Saffarzadeh and Shakir.
۹.

A Study of Qur’ānic Proverbial Verses and Their Translations in English

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Textual and Translation Analysis in Islamic Studies, Volume ۱, Issue ۴, ۲۰۲۳ 327 - 350

کلیدواژه‌ها: Baker’s Model Cultural factors Qur’anic Literary Style Qur’anic proverbial verses

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The Holy Qur’ān, considered a miracle of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him and his family), is rich in stylistic and rhetorical structures, figures of speech, and cultural references that convey its profound concepts in the Arabic language. This sacred scripture employs a distinctive rhetoric, specifically proverbial expressions, which can present challenges in translation. This study aimed to examine various English translations of proverbial verses from the Qur’ān based on Baker’s (1992) model. Out of 245 proverbial expressions in the Qur’ān, 100 were randomly selected and analyzed along with their English translations by Pickthall (1930), Irving (2011), Saffarzadeh (2010), Asad (1980) and Shakir (1980). The findings indicated that the most commonly used translation strategy was the omission of idiomatic play (literal translation), while translating an idiom with a similar meaning and form to the source language was the least frequent. Additionally, it was found that a literal translation with added explanatory notes was the most suitable strategy for translating proverbial verses. However, overall, the study revealed that due to various factors, including cultural disparities, the translators struggled to capture all the aesthetic and captivating elements of the Qur’ānic proverbial verses in their translations
۱۰.

The Translation of Metaphors in the Holy Qur’ān: An Investigation of Chapters Eighteen to Thirty

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Textual and Translation Analysis in Islamic Studies, Volume ۱, Issue ۳, ۲۰۲۳ 209 - 230

کلیدواژه‌ها: Linguistic complexity Moral words Qur’an Translation

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Metaphor, as a rhetorical device, is mostly culture-specific and plays a vital role in some texts. In some sacred texts such as the Holy Qur’ān, the form and meaning are inseparable, and hence, translating metaphors can be challenging. This study aimed to demonstrate the translation of metaphors in the Holy Qur’ān and to identify the strategies applied in the translation of Qur’ānic metaphors. To this end, Chapters 18 to 30 of the Holy Qur’ān, which included thirteen chapters, were selected and analyzed for metaphorical expressions along with their English translations by three celebrated native translators: Arberry (1964), Irving (1985), and Pickthall (1954). These chapters contained forty samples of metaphor, which were analyzed using six celebrated commentaries to find their literal and metaphorical meanings. The translations were then compared to the source text. The procedures suggested by Newmark (1988b) were used to find the strategies used by the translators. The results revealed that among the proposed procedures, five procedures were applied in the translation of the Qur’ānic metaphors. The most dominant procedures were the first and fifth procedures (reproducing the same image in the target language and converting the metaphor to sense, respectively); whereas, the remaining procedures were only used in two or three cases. It was also revealed that in most of the cases, the translators preferred to preserve the form of the original texts.
۱۱.

Assessing the Quality of Idiomatic Expressions in the Persian Translation of Heart of Darkness Based on Nababan’s Threefold Model

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Translation Studies, Vol. ۸, No. ۴, ۲۰۲۳ 29 - 46
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Assessing the quality of translated works is an essential step in their afterlife process. It enables the translators and publishers to identify flaws and ensures that readers can make informed decisions when selecting a ‘good’ translation. In this study, the focus was on assessing the quality of idiomatic expressions in Saleh Hosseini’s Persian translation of the novel Heart of Darkness written by Joseph Conrad. This particular translation had not been previously evaluated in this regard. To identify idiomatic expressions, Adelnia and Vahid Dastjerdi’s categorization of idiomatic expressions was employed. For quality assessment, Nababan et al.’s Translation Quality Assessment scale was employed, which includes three factors: accuracy, acceptability, and readability. To conduct the research, a sample of idiomatic expressions and their corresponding Persian translations was selected, categorized, and assessed for quality. The results of the study indicated that Saleh Hosseini’s Persian translations of idiomatic expressions enjoyed a high quality as judged by native speakers of Persian because they were evaluated as highly accurate (77%) (faithful to the source text), hence highly acceptable (83%) and highly readable (80%) (loyal to the norms of the target culture). This was based on the assumption that accuracy has a great impact on acceptability and readability. 
۱۲.

Persian and English Renderings of Cultural-Specific Terms in the Holy Qur’ān: An Adequate Translation Perspective

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Textual and Translation Analysis in Islamic Studies, Volume ۱, Issue ۴, ۲۰۲۳ 400 - 413

کلیدواژه‌ها: Adequate translation Cultural-specific terms Non-adequate translation Polysystem Theory

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Translation of the Holy Qur’ān has always been a challenging and contentious issue due to the presence of cultural terms. While some translators advocate for a literal word-for-word translation, there have been numerous interpretational versions of the Holy Qur’ān in various languages. This study examines the Persian and English translations of cultural-specific terms in the Holy Qur’ān from the perspective of accurate translation to compare them with the original Arabic version. Additionally, two interpretational books and a Qur’ānic dictionary were consulted to support the research. Seventy cultural terms were randomly selected from different parts of the Holy Qur’ān for analysis and comparison. The findings suggest that when translating such significant texts into a target language, the dominant language (Arabic) does not significantly influence translators’ strategies; rather, it is the cultural context that plays a crucial role in determining translation strategies. Furthermore, the study revealed that both Persian and English translators tended to prioritize accurate translation over non-adequate translation, indicating their commitment to remaining faithful to the original text.
۱۳.

A Study of Translators’ Faith and Eschatological Terms in the Qur’ān: A Comparative Study of Muslim, Christian and Jewish Translations

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Textual and Translation Analysis in Islamic Studies, Volume ۱, Issue ۲, ۲۰۲۳ 189 - 208

کلیدواژه‌ها: Day of Resurrection Eschatological terms Newmark’s Model Religious Views

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The translation of eschatological terms and concepts related to the Resurrection Day has always sparked heated debates among individuals with diverse ideological trends and religious beliefs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the translator’s religion on the English translation of eschatological terms in the Holy Qur’ān by three renowned Muslim, Christian, and Jewish translators. To achieve this, relevant eschatological terms in the Holy Qur’ān were examined and analyzed, along with their translations by Tahereh Saffarzadeh (2014), Arthur John Arberry (1996), and Nessim Joseph Dawood (2003), using Newmark’s procedures (1988) as a framework. Thirty eschatological terms from thirty verses in the Holy Qur’ān were selected for analysis. In order to enhance the understanding and interpretation of each term, the Persian interpretation of the Holy Qur’ān by Naser Makarem Shirazi (2010) and Allameh Tabataba’i’s (1987) Tafsir Al-Mizan were consulted as supplementary materials. The English equivalents used in each verse, as well as the translation strategies employed by the translators, were compared, classified, and analyzed based on a revised model of Newmark’s procedures to determine which procedures were more or less frequently utilized by the three translators. The findings revealed that the “through-translation” strategy was the most commonly employed procedure, while the “synonymy” and “transference” strategies ranked last in translating the selected eschatological terms in the Holy Qur’ān.
۱۴.

Analyzing Translation Strategies for Allah’s Attributes in the Holy Qur’ān

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Textual and Translation Analysis in Islamic Studies, Volume ۱, Issue ۳, ۲۰۲۳ 293 - 306

کلیدواژه‌ها: Allah’s Attributes of Acts The Holy Qur’an the Qur’ānic Exegesis translation strategies

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The translation of proper nouns, such as Allah’s attributes of acts, has consistently been a contentious issue in the translation of Qur’ānic exegesis. This research aimed to investigate the frequency and types of strategies employed in the English translations of Allah’s attributes of acts in the Holy Qur’ān. The study sought to explore the strategies used by translators in the translation of Qur’ānic exegesis and to determine if significant differences existed among the translators in the application of the strategies proposed by Chesterman (1997). The corpus comprised six English translations of the Holy Qur’ān by Asad, Pickthall, Saheeh, Arberry, Khan and Hilali, and Mubarakpuri. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were utilized to analyze the data, based on a revised version of Chesterman’s (1997) model. The descriptive data revealed that only six out of ten strategies were used in translating Allah’s attributes of acts. Only two strategies, transposition and emphasis change, were not used significantly differently, while the other four strategies, synonymy, paraphrase, transliteration, and expansion, were employed significantly differently. The inferential statistics revealed significant differences in the application of each strategy by each translator. However, no significant differences were found among the translators in the application of the same strategy when rendering Allah’s attributes of acts.
۱۵.

Explicitation in the English Translation of the First 13 Surahs of Part (Juz) 30 of the Holy Qur'ān

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Textual and Translation Analysis in Islamic Studies, Volume ۱, Issue ۱, ۲۰۲۳ 1 - 22

کلیدواژه‌ها: Explicitation Coherence Juz 30 Holy Scriptures The Holy Qur’an

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The issue of literal versus free translation has always been a controversial matter in the translation of the Holy Scriptures, including the Holy Qurʼān. Explicitation, as a translation universal, has received increasing attention in the area of translating religious texts. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effects of explicitation on the translation of coherence in the first 13 surahs of Part (Juz) 30 of the Holy Qurʼān. In doing so, the model proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet (1995), along with coherence aspects in Sherman’s (2010) framework were used. To this end, the first 13 surahs of Part (Juz) 30 of the Holy Qurʼān in Arabic and their five English translations by Asad, Shakir, Pickthal, Yusufali and Saffarzadeh were examined. The overall goal of the analysis was to find whether explanatory coherence was used in the English translation and how explicitation affected the coherence of the content in all translations. Findings show that explicitation not only resolved ambiguity but also strengthened the coherence of the text. However, translators, in some translations, preferred to be loyal and faithful to the original and did not add anything to their translation. Additionally, in a few cases, the addition of more words to the translation turned it into redundant mess, leading to an incoherent translation.
۱۶.

Impact of Personal Response System (PRS) on Iranian EFL Learners’ Performance, Class Communication and Comfort Level(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۱۰, Issue ۴۰, Spring ۲۰۲۲ 189 - 198

کلیدواژه‌ها: Class Communication Comfort Level English Language Performance Personal Response System (PRS) Technology

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The current study aimed at investigating the impact of Personal Response System (PRS) on Iranian EFL learners’ English language performance, class communication, and comfort level. To this purpose, a mixed methods design was used. The participants comprised 60 male-female Iranian grade eight junior students studying at Bahonar secondary school, Kazeroon, Iran. They were selected through convenient sampling method from two intact classes and divided into two experimental and control groups. The needed data was collected using the following instruments: Oxford Placement Test (OPT), Preliminary English Test (PET), Observation Checklist, and PRS. The two groups of the participants attended twelve English class sessions of the high school once a week. The only difference between the two groups was that during the class sessions, the experimental group attended PRS. Data analysis was conducted through descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests and qualitative content analysis of the observation data. The results showed that PRS had a statistically significant impact on English language performance, class communication, and comfort level of Iranian EFL learners. Accordingly, EFL teachers are recommended to use this tool in an attempt to enhance EFL learners' general English language performance.  
۱۷.

تحلیل کنش گفتار تعارفات در فارسی، انگلیسی و فرانسه از منظر اجتماعی فرهنگی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: مطالعات زبان و ترجمه سال پنجاه و یکم بهار ۱۳۹۷ شماره ۱
حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۵۲۵ تعداد دانلود : ۳۵۴
هدف اصلی مقالة پیش رو، واکاوی کنش گفتار تعارفات در فارسی، انگلیسی و فرانسه از منظر اجتماعی فرهنگی است تا به تنویر دیدگاه ها نسبت به آئین های قراردادی جهان شمول فرهنگی و زبان شناختی در فارسی، انگلیسی و فرانسه بپردازد و در پی ایجاد ارتباط بین کاربردشناسی اجتماعی زبان و ترجمه باشد. بدین منظور، 87 اصطلاح مربوط به کنش گفتار تعارفات در سه زبان فارسی، انگلیسی و فرانسه که به ترتیب شامل تعارفات مربوط به احوال پرسی (18 اصطلاح) و تعارفات مربوط به مراودات اجتماعی (69 اصطلاح) بودند، مورد مطالعه قرارگرفت و با روش تحلیل گفتار به واکاوی و بررسی آن ها از منظر اجتماعی و فرهنگی پرداخته شد. نتایج نشان داد که در فارسی، برخلاف انگلیسی و فرانسه، شرط ادب گوینده اغلب بر نفی یا رد تعارف طرف مقابل قرار می گیرد. به علاوه، گویشوران فارسی در گفتار خود متواضع تر، غیرصریح تر، ایهام آمیزتر، مبهم تر و پرگوتر از گویشوران انگلیسی و فرانسوی اند، به طوری که اغلب بر طبق عادات فرهنگی و اجتماعی خود جواب تعارفات را تا حدودی مبهم باقی گذاشته و از بیان گزاره های مستقیم و قطعی اجتناب می کنند. از سوی دیگر، تعارفات به عنوان بخشی از هنجارهای اجتماعی فرهنگی فرانسه، برخلاف فارسی، فلسفی و طولانی نبوده و در عین حال به صراحت و اختصار تعارفات انگلیسی نیستند و در بسیاری موارد به کارگیری کلام تعارف آمیز در فرانسه در مقایسه با انگلیسی رسمی تر به نظر می رسد و در مجموع نامحتمل نیست که چنین تفاوت های فرهنگی باعث نوعی برگردان منفی در هر یک از این زبان ها گردد. یافته های این مقاله اطلاعات مفیدی را در خصوص مشکلات تلاقی فرهنگی در هنگام ترجمة گفتار تعارف آمیز فراهم آورده و از ارزش خاصی برای علاقه مندان در زمینة ترجمه و حوزه های کاربردشناسی زبان برخوردار است.
۱۸.

بررسی نقش گفتمان های فلسفی در فرآیند رو به رشد مطالعات ترجمه از منظر تاریخی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: مطالعات زبان و ترجمه سال پنجاهم تابستان ۱۳۹۶ شماره ۲
حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۸۵ تعداد دانلود : ۴۱۹
پژوهش حاضر به مطالعة نقش گفتمان های فلسفی در فرآیند رو به رشد مطالعات ترجمه از منظر تاریخی می پردازد. بدین منظور، این پژوهش به دنبال کشف و توصیف نقش گفتمان های فلسفی در مطالعات ترجمه بوده تا در مورد تأثیر عمدة فلسفه بر ترجمه و نظریه های ترجمه کنکاش کند و معلوم نماید تا چه حد بازبینی و تجدید نظر در گفتمان های فلسفی به روند رو به رشد مطالعات ترجمه مساعدت می نماید. هدف عمده آن است که با توجه به ماهیت مطالعات ترجمه به عنوان رشته ای گیرنده از گفتمان های فلسفی و بسیاری از رشته های حد واسط، به فرضیه سازی دربارة این رشته و ارائة چارچوبی جامع و دربرگیرنده پرداخته شود. با در نظر گرفتن شواهد مربوط، یافته های پژوهش پیش رو نشان داد که سیر مرجعیت و اقتدار از سوی فلسفه به مطالعات ترجمه و نه بالعکس می باشد. علاوه بر آن، گفتمان های فلسفی حداقل از سه طریق به مطالعات ترجمه مرتبط می شوند: فیلسوفان رشته های مختلف از ترجمه به عنوان مطالعه موردی یا استعاره ای برای شرح مسائل مربوط به برنامه های کلی تر استفاده کرده اند؛ نظریه پردازان و عملگرایان ترجمه همواره به گفتمان های فلسفی به عنوان حامی و پشتیبان نظریات خود نگاه کرده اند؛ نیز آنکه، فیلسوفان، دانشمندان و مترجمان دربارة ترجمة گفتمان های فلسفی به ارائة تفسیر و اظهار نظر پرداخته اند. همین طور، یافته ها حاکی از آن است که گفتمان های فلسفی، با توجه به دسترسی چندین گزینه در رابطه با آن ها و تدوین کلمات مناسب با کلمات جایگزین، تمایل شدیدی به بازنگری و تجدید نظر دارند. در این میان، انطباق و طرح کلمات به عنوان یکی از وظایف مطالعات ترجمه مستلزم بررسی آن است که چه نوع گفتمان های فلسفی از دست رفته اند که خود باعث می شود مترجمان به طور مداوم سعی در کاهش پیچیدگی متن داشته باشند. از سوی دیگر، در صورت وجود گزینه های متعدد و نبود نظریه ای مشخص در رابطه با چگونگی کاهش پیچیدگی متن، زمینه ای برای طرح و بررسی بحث های مرتبط با گفتمان های فلسفی به وجود می آید که این امر را می توان در ارائة نظریه ها و روش های مربوط بیشتر مشاهده کرد.
۱۹.

اصطلاحات ورزشی و دوگانگی معنایی در ترجمه(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: مطالعات ترجمه پاییز ۱۳۸۶ شماره ۱۹

کلیدواژه‌ها: دوگانگی معنایی زبان حرفه ای مضامین غیرورزشی رویدادهای ورزشی، اصطلاحات ورزشی

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۸۷۵
با توجه به اقبال روزافزون رسانه های گروهی از ورزش و رویدادهای ورزشی، واژگان و اصطلاحات بسیاری در این زمینه وارد زبان انگلیسی گردیده اند. به علاوه، نقش اساسی ورزش در توسعه تفاهم و ارتباطات بین المللی لزوم احاطه بر واژگان ورزشی را آشکارتر می سازد. از سوی دیگر، اصطلاحات و واژگان ورزشی در فرآیند ترجمه عمدتا چالش برانگیز بوده و وجوب آشنایی مترجم با مقررات و زبان حرفه ای ورزشی را بیشتر نمایان می سازند.
۲۰.

جادوی معنای اول در ترجمه(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: مطالعات ترجمه ۱۳۸۴ شماره ۱۱
حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۴۷۷
"یکی از مهم ترین مسایل در ترجمه متون انگلیسی به فارسی لزوم توجه به مفاهیم مختلف لغات و عبارات در موقعیتهای متفاوت است. زبان انگلیسی به عنوانی یکی از پرکاربردترین زبانهای دنیا دارای حوزه فعالیت بسیار گسترده ای است که خود در برگیرنده طیف معنایی گسترده و متنوعی هستند. به عبارت دیگر، بسیاری از لغات و عبارات انگلیسی علاوه بر مفهوم متداول و شناخته شده خود می توانند در موقعیتهای مختلف نقشهای ساختاری و معنایی متفاوتی را پذیرفته و بالطبع مفهومهای متفاوت و ناآشناتری را در بر گیرند. مهم ترین مساله ای که در این مقاله بدان پرداخته می شود این است که متاسفانه علی رغم اهمیت توجه به معانی گوناگون و متنوع (و گاهی در ظاهر غیر مرتبط) واژه ها در امر ترجمه متون ادبی، در بسیاری از موارد مشاهده می گردد که مترجم به راحتی در معرض تهدیدهای بالقوه چسبیدن به مفهوم و تعریف اول و بی اعتنایی به معانی دیگر قرار می گیرد. چنین به نظر می رسد که معنای اول نیرو و جاذبه ای دارد که مفاهیم و معانی دیگر را کم جاذبه و کمرنگ می کند. گویی که اولین تعریف در نظر مترجم دارای هیبت و صلابتی طلسم گونه است که معانی دیگر را به عقب رانده و جوینده را ناخودآگاه به سوی خود می کشاند. در این مقاله با ذکر برخی دلایل بی توجهی مترجمین از سایر معانی لغات و عبارات، عواملی را که در ایجاد چنین مشکلاتی دست اندر کارند به پنج گروه کلی تقسیم می شود و با ارایه مثالهای گوناگون سعی بر این است که لزوم اتخاذ اقدامی پیشگیرانه در مقابله با تهدیدهای بالقوه جادوی معنای اول روشن گردد و در انتهای مقاله نیز پیشنهادهایی چند جهت بهبود امر ترجمه متون ارایه می گردد."

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