Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of emotional information processing in the relationship between attachment styles and positive feelings towards the spouse in infertile couples. Method: The method of the present research was a correlational description based on the practical purpose . The statistical population included infertile couples in Tehran, among whom 200 were selected by convenience sampling. The data were collected by the Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) Scale (Brennan et al., 1998), Positive Feelings toward Spouse Questionnaire (The State University of New York., 1975), and Emotional Processing Scale (Baker et al., 2010) and analyzed by Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling using SPSS25 and AMOS24. The results of structural equation modeling demonstrated that avoidant and anxious attachments had a significant indirect effect, with effect sizes of -0.10 and -0.20, respectively, on positive feelings toward the spouse mediated by emotional information processing (p<0.01). Conclusion: The obtained results showed that avoidant attachment has a positive and significant relationship with the components of avoidance and emotional control, and anxious attachment has a positive and significant relationship with the components of suppression, unpleasant emotional experience and unprocessed emotional symptoms.The result highlighted the importance of designing and evaluating interventions based on attachment and improving emotional processing to foster and repair the relationships of infertile couples.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological diseases. The disease is clinically defined by the involvement of different parts of the central nervous system (CNS) at various times. Its peak incidence is between the ages of 20 and 40. The experience of pain plays an important role in the mental health and quality of life of MS patients. Research also shows that if MS patients have high levels of self-compassion, they can more easily manage negative situations. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness training programs on the perception of pain experience and self-compassion in MS patients. Method: >The current research is an experiment with available sampling methods. The sample includes 40 MS patients, 20 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group. Mindfulness training programs (Kabat—Zinn), the McGill Pain Experience Scale (MPQ), and the NF Self-Compassion Questionnaire (SCS-LF) were used to collect data. The data were analyzed through the statistical test of multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results: >The results showed that the average difference between the groups regarding pain experience (F=49.270) and self-compassion (F=51.249) is significant. Therefore, it can be said that increasing self-compassion leads to higher efficiency in facing stressful situations. Conclusion >: Enhancing cognitive processes, particularly self-compassion, through mindfulness training can significantly influence individuals’ perception of pain. It is recommended that families receive appropriate training to develop strategies aimed at strengthening mindfulness skills in individuals.
Objective: When individuals encounter stressful and potentially life-threatening situations, they often experience significant tension that can be challenging to manage without adequate emotional regulation and effective coping mechanisms. This study seeks to explore the function of coping strategies as a mediating factor in the connection between stressful experiences and resilience in university students. Method: The research population consists of all university students enrolled in the academic year 2017-2018, characterized by a basic correlation approach. A total of 373 students were chosen using Morgan’s table and a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data collection was done utilizing the resilience questionnaire (CD-RSC), the coping strategies questionnaire (CISS), and the stressful events questionnaire (LEQ-12). Research hypotheses were tested using correlation analysis, path analysis, and simultaneous multiple regression techniques. Results: The findings indicate a significant negative correlation between stressful events and resilience (p < 0.01), while a positive correlation exists between problem-oriented strategies and resilience (p < 0.01). Additionally, there is a negative association between emotion-oriented strategies and resilience (p < 0.01), as well as between avoidance strategies and resilience (p < 0.01). Furthermore, a negative relationship is observed between problem-oriented strategies and stressful events (p < 0.01), alongside a positive correlation between emotion-oriented strategies and stressful events (p < 0.01), and a positive relationship between avoidance strategies and stressful events (p < 0.01). Conclusions: According to the results, teaching coping strategies can lead to increased resilience.
Objective : This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) training on pain beliefs and dimensions of anger in women with rheumatoid arthritis.
Method : The research design was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test and a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of women with rheumatoid arthritis referred to medical centers in Tabriz City in 2022. The sample included 25 women with rheumatoid arthritis selected through convenience sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, who were then randomly assigned to two groups. The research instruments used were Williams and Thorne's Belief in Pain Questionnaire and Spielberger's State-Trait Anger Questionnaire, which were provided to both groups to collect the required data. The control group remained on the waiting list, while the experimental group underwent MBSR training over eight weekly sessions (90 minutes per week) following Jon Kabat-Zinn's approach. The research data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).
Results : The results indicated significant differences between the MBSR and control groups in pain beliefs and anger. Specifically, MBSR treatment led to a reduction in pain-related beliefs and anger in the experimental group ( P <0.001). Eta-squared values showed that 76.3%, 71.8%, 74.4%, and 69.6% of the variance in pain beliefs and anger could be attributed to the effects of MBSR, respectively.
Conclusion : Based on the findings, mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) training can be considered as a complementary and protective treatment technique for patients with chronic and painful conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis.
Objective: Some factors, such as personality type, coping styles, and psychological capital, have an effect on the resilience of women with breast cancer. The purpose of the study is to investigate the structural relationship of these factors with each other.
Method : The subjects of this study were 231 women (20-55 years old) diagnosed with breast cancer and treated at the breast cancer department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran in 2022-2023. The Tebachnik and Fidel's formula (2007) was used to estimate the sample size. Psychological resilience (Connor & Davidson, 2003), NEO-PI personality questionnaire (Costa & McCrae, 1992), and coping strategies questionnaire (Endler & Parker, 1990) were used to measure the research variables.
Results Therefore, five personality factors can lead to an increase in resilience through coping strategies and psychological capital. In addition, the path coefficients of the two-way relationship of the variables showed that 44% of the changes in resilience were influenced by personality, 97% of the changes in coping strategies were influenced by personality, 91% of the changes in psychological capital were influenced by personality and 20% of the changes in resilience were influenced by personality. The effect of coping strategies and 36% of the changes in resilience showed the effect of psychological capital.
Conclusion : One of the determining factors of resilience in a chronic disease such as breast cancer is the role of personality traits, which is influenced by positive psychological variables such as coping strategies and psychological capital of the patient
Objective: Psychological defense mechanisms reflect how individuals cope with conflicts and stress. This study aimed to describe defense mechanisms in medical interns and their correlation with spiritual health.
Method: This cross-sectional study, characterized by its descriptive nature, was carried out among medical students during the 2019-2020 academic year. The participants were 168 medical interns who met the established study criteria and completed two questionnaires: The Defense Mechanisms Questionnaire (DSQ-40), devised by Andrews et al. (1993), and the Spiritual Health Questionnaire by Paloutzian and Ellison (1982). Data analysis was conducted utilizing SPSS version 25, employing Pearson correlation, t-tests, and ANOVA for statistical evaluation.
Results: The mean score of mature defense mechanisms (43.31±16.83) among medical interns was higher than immature (98.52±52.8) and neurotic (36.75±18.3) defense mechanisms. The immature defense mechanism was significantly higher in males than in females (99.43±23.41 vs 108.47±23.21, p=0.014). Also, the mean score of immature defense mechanisms in single individuals was considerably higher than in married ones (106.66±24.02 vs 93.12±19.56, p=0.001). The spiritual health of interns had a significant and direct correlation (r=0.249) with mature defense mechanisms and a significant negative correlation (r=-0.336) with immature defense mechanisms.
Conclusion: Higher spiritual health in medical interns is associated with greater use of mature defense mechanisms and lesser use of immature defense mechanisms.
