Education

Education plays a pivotal role in shaping societal development, influencing economic growth, social stability, governance, and individual well-being. By enhancing skills, abilities, and individual competencies, education contributes to the accumulation of human capital at both the individual and societal levels. It expands personal freedoms by increasing capabilities, which in turn fosters democratic participation and social resilience. There are two primary theoretical approaches to understanding education’s impact on human capital: the productivity approach and the capability approach. While the productivity approach views education as a means to enhance workforce productivity, the capability approach emphasizes broader cultural and social advancements, seeing increased productivity as an intermediate rather than an ultimate goal. Adopting a systematic qualitative literature review (SQLR) methodology, this study synthesizes peer-reviewed journal articles, policy reports, and scholarly books from reputable sources such as Google Scholar, JSTOR, Scopus, and institutional reports from UNESCO and the World Bank. A thematic analysis was conducted following Braun and Clarke’s (2006) six-step framework, identifying key themes such as education’s role in economic mobility, governance, and global competitiveness. Findings highlight that nations with well-designed educational systems, such as Japan and China, have achieved sustainable economic growth by leveraging high-tech and knowledge-based production. The study concludes that an appropriate educational system is a primary prerequisite for any country’s development, as it determines its position in the global economy. This review underscores the importance of context-specific educational policies that align with broader societal needs. It offers insights for policymakers seeking to bridge the development gap through strategic investments in education.

Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly with machine learning and deep learning techniques, is revolutionizing human cognitive processes. From increasing accuracy and speed in performing repetitive and complex tasks to improving decision-making processes, AI has made significant strides in various fields including healthcare, business, and law. In healthcare, AI is accelerating medical diagnoses, and in business, it serves as a powerful analytical tool, increasing efficiency. In the legal field, it has optimized justice processes by providing public legal education services. The application of AI in teaching and learning processes is also significant; this technology has the potential to personalize the learning experience, provide 24/7 access to knowledge, and assist students in completing assignments with higher quality. Moreover, by providing new opportunities for teachers to optimize teaching content and assessment tools, it enhances their performance. However, there is a need for human oversight and guidance in the application of AI to maintain professional ethics and protect privacy. Ultimately, AI has the potential to have a lasting impact on the future of education by enabling personalized and targeted learning.