تبیین نقش سرمایه اجتماعی با تاکید برکنشگری زنان در بازآفرینی بافت های ناکارآمد شهری (مورد مطالعه: منطقه 13 شهر تهران) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
از میان کشورهایی که در فرایند مدرن سازی، در کنار جریان های نوسازی، تغییر قابل ملاحظه ای به خود دیده، می توان از کشور ایران یاد کرد؛ تا آنجا که همگونی بافت جامعه به کلی دگرگون شده و طبقات و گروه های نوینی پا به عرصه گذاشته اند. زنان به عنوان گروهی با پایگاه اجتماعی سنتی درازمدت، در روند اخیر دگرگونی های عمیقی را تجربه کرده است.هدف این پژوهش تحلیل رابطه سرمایه اجتماعی و کنشگری زنان از یک سو و شناسایی سازه های مؤثر در نقش زنان درکنشگری آنان در بافت های ناکارآمد و فرسوده شهری منطقه 13 تهران بود. پژوهش از نوع کیفی و به شیوه توصیفی تحلیلی انجام شده است که در آن از داده های توصیفی برگرفته از مصاحبه با زنان ساکن بافت فرسوده منطقه مورد مطالعه و همچنین داده های بدست آمده از مطالعه کتابخانه ای استفاده گردیده است. مطالعه پژوهش حاضر مبتنی بر مصاحبه با زنانی است که در منطقه 13 حداقل یک سال و بیشتر زندگی کرده اند و با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری هدفمند به سؤالات پرسشنامه پاسخ دادند. منظور بررسی فرضیه ها به علت نرمال نبودن متغیرها از ضریب همبستگی اسپیرمن با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS 18استفاده شد.یافته هاینشان داد که سوژه زنان در فضای بافت های ناکارآمد شهری نسبت به فضای کلی شهر تفاوت چندانی ندارد و سامان اجتماعی در فضای واقعی در فضای بافت های ناکارآمد نیز به بازتولید قدرت پرداخته است.در این فضا زنان به دو صورت درونی و بیرونی به واسطه سازوکارهای سرکوبگر، مورد حذف، طرد و انکار قرار گرفته اند و هستی اجتماع زنان این بافت ها اساسا در فضای شهری سرکوب می گردد.Investigating the Role of Social Capital by Emphasizing Women's Activism in Renovating Inefficient Urban Textures (Case Study: District 13 of Tehran)
IntroductionIran's big cities have undergone significant changes during modernization. Following the social, cultural, economic, and political developments of the country, the rapid growth of the urban population and the inability to provide services and housing have led to the horizontal expansion of the city and neglected the historical and old textures of the centers of big cities. Also, the homogenous texture of the society changed and new groups and classes were created in the process of modernization. Women are one of the groups whose social base was transformed during modernization. Nowadays, the concept of social capital has gained special importance given the primary elements of social capital such as participation, trust, solidarity, and social awareness, and the importance of these elements in the process of urban renovation. Since women make up more than half of the population of these textures, improving the condition of worn-out textures based on their participation, providing justice-oriented goals, better meeting the needs of the residents, empowering and taking responsibility, and improving the mental health of the residents, especially women, increase belonging to residence place, improving social security, improving the environment, and generally improving the quality of life of the residents of these textures have provided the conditions for sustainable urban development. Thus, the present study aims to explain the role of social capital by emphasizing women's activism in the renovation of inefficient urban textures.Methods The present study is applied regarding its aim and descriptive-correlational and causal regarding the method of the study. The statistical population of this study included all the residents of the worn-out textures of District 13 of Tehran. The questionnaire was used as a tool in this study. The standardized questionnaire of the American Social Capital Association and the women's activism questionnaire were used to measure the social capital components. The social capital questionnaire was used to investigate the dimensions of relational capital, cognitive capital, and structural capital, and the women's activism questionnaire measures the dimensions of social responsibility, belonging to the community, self-efficacy, and practical responsibility. In this study, two methods of face and content validity and construct validity using confirmatory factor analysis were used to measure the validity of the measurement tool. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. It was found that the study questionnaire has good reliability and validity. Also, SPSS 18, LISREL, and AMOS 18 software was used to analyze the obtained data.Results The present study investigated the relationship between social capital and its dimensions and women's activism in the worn-out textures of District 13 of Tehran. The results indicate a significant relationship between social capital and women's activism (0.520). Also, the intensity of the relationship between cognitive capital, relational capital, and structural capital and women's activism is 0.371, 0.497, and 0.448, respectively, indicating a direct and significant relationship between the components of social capital and the variable of women's activism. The results of analyzing the output of Amos software revealed that the correlation between social capital and women's activism is 0.63, indicating the effect of social capital on women's activism. The output values of Amos software indicated that the experimental data correspond to the observed data and show the model fit with the theoretical foundations of social capital and women's activism. ConclusionThe present study aims to investigate the relationship between social capital and women's activism in the renovation of the worn-out texture of District 13 of Tehran. The dimensions of social capital, including cognitive capital, relational capital, and cognitive capital, and their effect on women's activism in these textures were investigated. The results revealed a significant relationship between social capital and women's activism in the worn-out textures of District 13 of Tehran. The results suggest that social capital plays a vital role in increasing women's activism in renovating worn-out textures in the district. The results of the questionnaire generally indicate a relationship between social capital and its components and the indicators of women's activism. The existence of a relationship between social capital and women's activism (63%) suggests that we should improve the practical responsibility, sense of social belonging, social responsibility, and belief in women's self-efficacy to increase women's activism in worn-out textures. This will help us eliminate the primary factor involved in the slowness of the renovation processes of worn-out urban textures, which is the lack of preparation by the residents. since lack of information and mistrust of the residents of these textures leads to non-participation and resistance in the implementation of projects. However, believing in the social capital of these textures, and knowing the attitudes of the members of the target society leads to the participation of people and the formulation and implementation of renovation programs in them. Based on sociological theories such as the theory of disorder, alienation, and powerlessness affect the process and level of social capital and social participation. Hence, to increase the participation of members of society in the inefficient urban textures, especially women, the primary barriers to participation must be identified. Thus, the fields of women's activism should be improved through participation and social cohesion.
تبلیغات
