تحلیل الگوهای سنتی ژاپنی در طراحی شخصیت های مانگا وان پیس (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
مانگا وان پیس، اثر ائیچیرو اودا، اثری محبوب و شناخته شده در جهان است، تعداد قسمت های این مانگا از هزار قسمت فراتر رفته و از آن، انیمه ای با همین نام توسط استودیو توئی انیمیشن ساخته شده است. باتوجه به افزایش محبوبیت مانگا در سراسر جهان، مقاله حاضر به بررسی بازتاب الگوهای سنتی ژاپن در این مانگا می پردازد. باوجود جهانی شدن فرهنگ و تأثیرات بین المللی بر صنعت مانگا، اودا موفق می شود عناصر فرهنگی و تاریخی ژاپن را در قالب داستانی جذاب و فانتزی به تصویر بکشد. هدف اصلی این پژوهش واکاوی نحوه بازتاب الگوهای سنتی ژاپن در طراحی شخصیت ها، موجودات و فضاسازی مانگای وان پیس است و با رویکرد توصیفی تحلیلی به این پرسش پاسخ می دهد که «الگوهای سنتی ژاپنی چگونه در طراحی شخصیت های مانگا وان پیس بازتاب یافته اند؟» این مقاله با تحلیل شخصیت ها، روایت ها و نمادهای موجود در وان پیس، نشان می دهد که چگونه مفاهیمی همچون احترام به طبیعت، ارزش های سامورایی، آیین، پوشش، معماری، همبستگی گروهی و ارزش های خانوادگی ریشه دار در فرهنگ ژاپن، در این اثر نمود می یابند. تأثیرات تاریخی مانند دوره های فئودالی و نبردهای سامورایی در طراحی دنیای داستانی و شخصیت های مانگا مشهود است. نتایج نشان می دهد که وان پیس نه تنها به عنوان یک اثر سرگرم کننده، بلکه به عنوان بازتابی از هویت فرهنگی ژاپن، موفق به جذب مخاطبان جهانی می شود. این مقاله بر اهمیت حفظ و انتقال ارزش های سنتی در قالب های مدرن هنری تأکید می کند و نقش مانگا را به عنوان پلی بین گذشته و حال فرهنگ ژاپن برجسته می سازد.Analysis of Traditional Japanese Patterns in the Characters Design of the One Piece Manga
Manga, by blending literature and visual arts, plays an unparalleled role in cultural transmission and storytelling. Manga refers to Japanese graphic novels, typically printed in black-and-white and read from right to left. These works reflect Japanese cultural patterns and traditions and introduce international audiences to the country’s cultural heritage. In the manga series One Piece by Eiichiro Oda, a Japanese writer and illustrator, these cultural elements are expressed in various ways. Japanese artworks have long been defined by their unique traditional elements. From ukiyo-e woodblock prints to modern manga, these art forms continuously integrate deeply rooted aspects of Japan’s cultural heritage.
This article employs the qualitative analytical method to examine the reflection of traditional Japanese patterns in Eiichiro Oda’s globally popular manga One Piece . This research was carried out in a descriptive-analytical way, and its data has been collected through the study of library documents. The results of this research indicate that traditional Japanese patterns are reflected in the literature, illustrations, and character designs of this manga. The main aim of the research is to understand the influence of traditional Japanese patterns on the character design of One Piece manga. The main question of this research is how these patterns are reflected in the illustration and character design of One Piece manga. This research investigates these patterns through specific textual and visual examples from the manga. The findings reveal that One Piece has achieved global appeal not only as an entertaining work but also as a reflection of Japan’s cultural identity.
The One Piece manga genre is Shōnen but has attracted audiences from different age groups, in addition to teenagers. The One Piece manga plays a significant role in showcasing Japanese culture, traditions, clothing, and language. Despite the globalization of culture and international influences on the manga industry, Eiichiro Oda masterfully weaves Japan’s cultural and historical identity into his fantasy storytelling, creating narratives deeply rooted in tradition. By analyzing the characters, storylines, and symbols in One Piece , this study demonstrates how deeply rooted Japanese concepts—such as reverence for nature, samurai values, rituals, traditional clothing, architectural motifs, group solidarity, and familial bonds—are embedded within the work. Historical influences such as feudal periods and samurai battles are evident in the design of the fictional world and characters in manga. The incorporation patterns of Japanese myths, culture, and traditions have made One Piece manga illustrations and literature more appealing.
The Wano Country—inspired by the Edo period, the Shogunate system, and traditional Japanese architecture—exemplifies the revitalization of historical art within a modern context. The land of Wano exhibits strong sociocultural and geographical parallels with feudal Japan, commonly referred to as the “Land of the Samurai.” Its isolated location, surrounded by vast oceans and natural marine barriers, creates significant challenges for outsiders attempting to break in. This land was taken by a ruthless pirate named Kaido. Luffy and his friends want to save Wano Country and help samurai. In the One Piece manga, especially in the Wano Country, the stories of samurais and shoguns, along with their attire and traditions, are reflected. By incorporating traditional patterns in manga, Japan’s cultural heritage is preserved and shared globally, introducing foreign audiences to its traditions and cultural clothing. Legendary creatures such as Kuma-inu, Koma-kitsune, dragons, and Tengu are depicted in the illustration of this work. The illustrations also feature iconic elements like Torii gates—traditional Japanese gateways commonly built at the entrance of Shinto shrines.
This research compares manga images with Japanese visual traditions such as the works of Hokusai and Utagawa Kuniyoshi, and through qualitative analysis, it examines the similarities and differences between modern symbolism and classical Japanese artistic expression. By analyzing One Piece ’s visual language alongside iconic works like Hokusai’s The Great Wave off Kanagawa and Utagawa Kuniyoshi’s ukiyo-e art, this study reveals key distinctions, such as the shift from woodblock minimalism to manga’s exaggerated emotional expressions, that trace the evolution of Japanese visual storytelling. The design of Wano’s wave in One Piece , inspired by Hokusai’s The Great Wave off Kanagawa (1831), one of the most iconic works of ukiyo-e art, illustrates the adaptation of classical Japanese aesthetics into manga’s visual language. Eiichiro Oda represents this renowned masterpiece in his depiction of Wano Country’s aquatic landscapes, highlighting manga’s deep connection to Japan’s artistic heritage. Both works employ a spiral composition. Scattered water droplets amplify the dynamic tension of the scenes. While Hokusai utilized wood printing and achieved vibrant color contrasts, Oda recreates the wave in the black-and-white aesthetic of manga, using bold, energetic linework to evoke movement and intensity.
In Japanese culture, masks serve as a performative tool and a bridge between the human and spiritual realms, with each intricately crafted piece narrating a philosophical or historical story. Far from being simple tools of concealment, the masks function as a symbolic language through which myths, fears, and shared hopes are expressed. Masks have diffenet usages, such as preserving culture, enriching religious rituals, and conveying allegorical meanings. In One Piece , Eiichiro Oda represents these traditional masks, adapting their symbolism to the manga’s thematic framework while retaining their cultural essence through deliberate modifications.
Characters such as Kurozumi Orochi (the eight-headed serpent) and Kaido (the Azure Dragon) are inspired by Japanese mythology, yet their integration of fantastical elements like “Devil Fruits” transforms them into unique hybrids of tradition and modernity. Eiichiro Oda represents traditional dragons by infusing modern elements such as horns and accessories while preserving their iconic serpentine form. In fact, Kaido reflects the Eastern dragon, visually aligning with Katsushika Hokusai’s iconic depictions of dragons and clouds. Eiichiro Oda merges traditional pieces with contemporary narrative techniques to bridge historical and modern visual storytelling. He creates characters with distinct and lifelike personalities, endowing them with believable moral traits and emotional depth. Oda skillfully merges cultural motifs from other nations with traditional Japanese patterns, creating innovative and multifaceted narratives. This synthesis of diverse influences allows him to produce original imagery and storytelling that resonate across cultures while honoring Japan’s artistic heritage.
Monkey D. Luffy’s large eyes, typical of modern manga, contrast with the elongated features seen in traditional Japanese art, as observed in Kozuki Oden’s design. Luffy’s ascent up Wano’s waterfall aided by koi fishes evokes the Chinese legend of the persevering koi fish transforming into a dragon upon overcoming adversity. Characters like Roronoa Zoro retain samurai elements while embodying the hyper-muscular physique of Western superheroes.
Shimotsuki Ryuma, the legendary ancestor of Roronoa Zoro, is celebrated as a symbol of warrior spirit and honor in Wano’s history. The cruel judge of Wano forces him to commit seppuku, or harakiri, but Zoro defies his injustice and punishes him with a seppuku blade. In seppuku, Zoro, clad in a white kimono and wielding a short blade, resists the order to commit seppuku, emerging as a symbol of defiance against corruption. A simple white kimono, a symbol of purity, honesty, and readiness for death, and the color white in Japanese culture is associated with mourning and transcendence. This scene evokes Utagawa Kuniyoshi’s depiction of a seppuku ceremony in Kanadehon Chūshingura (Act 4: Seppuku of Lord En’ya ), where samurai, dressed in white kimonos, maintain stoic composure to uphold their dignity in the face of death. Both works share striking similarities in their depiction of kimonos, the short blade, and hairstyles, underscoring the continuity of cultural symbolism across historical and contemporary visual narratives.
Japanese art remains resilient in the face of cultural invasions, borrowing patterns from other nations while imbuing them with a Japanese essence. Today, the identity and distinctive features of manga works are clearly recognizable to audiences. These works show Japan’s traditions, culture, religion, and legends. By observing and studying the information conveyed through these works, audiences are reminded of Japan’s traditional art.
This research emphasizes the importance of preserving and transmitting traditional values through modern artistic media and analyzes the role of manga as a bridge between Japan’s past and present cultural heritage. The way Eiichiro Oda combines and utilizes traditional and modern art is remarkable and can inspire artists around the world. Iranian artists, who have access to a wealth of traditional visual motifs rooted in their own culture, can draw inspiration from creators like Oda. By integrating Iran’s visual traditions, such as Persian miniature and mythological narratives, into their works, artists can create innovative imagery and share their cultural heritage globally.
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