درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Islam is an integral way of life which considers beauty to be a divine quality. In fact, Islam is the religion of beauty and perfection. Islamic architecture refers to any architecture in Islamic culture or in Islamic context. Islamic architecture exhibits the sacred order of Islam and its distinctive feature is religious aspect. Yet, Islamic architecture is not completely varied from all other architectural styles; even, it borrows from some of them such as Persian architecture. The aim of this study is investigating the importance of beauty and aesthetics in Islamic architecture. Results show that Islam does not consider art and beauty as a luxury. It considers beauty to be a divine quality. Unity is one of main aesthetically concepts which has merged in Islamic architecture; It was called as a base for life cycle and was reflected on art and architecture to such an extent that we can count it as the language of Islamic architecture. Based on this language, Paradise is a perfect epitome in all respects of aesthetics.

The physical conditions of the environment greatly affect the efficiency and effectiveness of individual and group learning. On the other hand, it is important to recognize the physical and mental needs of students based on the achievements of humanities and education in order to fit the educational spaces and coordinate the architecture of the space with their needs. Therefore, relying on the concepts of Quran verses and jurisprudential hadiths based on the necessity and importance of critter satisfaction is during the satisfaction of people and satisfaction of the Lord; in this research, we try to identify satisfaction as one of the factors affecting the quality of school architecture and take steps to improve and improve the situation. In addition to addressing the basic needs, qualitative considerations are also addressed. The present research, from the point of view of purpose, includes basic research and in terms of the nature is quantitative-qualitative research. The survey research method is used and the information which has been collected as a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods has been used and analyzed the relationships between variables. The statistical population of this study is high school students in Tehran. Multi-stage cluster sampling method was used for sampling. In order to measure the views of individuals, the table of purpose and content has been compiled based on studies and interviews with experts in the fields of education. Achievements show that five factors affecting satisfaction: 1) flexibility and spatial dimensions, 2) readability and accessibility, 3) beauty of space (Aesthetics), 4) environmental comfort, and 5) Territory and participation of people have been extracted. So what has been achieved is that, in order tosatisfy people

The vernacular architecture of cities with old civilizations like Hamadan, located in a cold and mountainous area, s tems from centuries of optimizing material use, cons truction techniques, climate considerations, and the leas t use of fossil fuels to provide residents comfort. This region represents a specific type of dwelling that is a spectacular example of its climate conditions and compatible with its surrounding environment. This s tudy aims to inves tigate the geometric conformation of Hamedan houses and elicit the proper sugges tions to provide comfort conditions. To reach these goals, 15 houses located in the old dis tricts of Hamadan belonging to three different his torical eras were selected. Then, according to Mahoney's Table, Evan's index, Pen warden graph, and climate consultant software thermal comfort factors were assessed and calculated to compare elicited design s trategies with typology. These attributes to architectural s trategies for this region like southeas tern orientation, medium-sized windows, thick outdoor and indoor walls, thick insulation with sufficient temporary heating equipment, the high heat capacity of materials, compact urban texture and planning, protection agains t intensive wind aimed to provide comfort conditions. Then these methods were compared whit three eras' houses to illus trate how much compatibility was there practically, which eventually reduced in each of them.

Mountains are of high importance in Iran due to the particular geography of this land. In addition to being ecologically significant, mountains offer multiple functions for Iranians that makes these natural elements to have different meanings for people to the point that most of the mountains adjoining residential areas have special names. In this regard, this research tries to study Alborz Mountains as the most important historically and ecologically mountains in Iran where Tehran, the most populated city and the capital of Iran, is located. Research in this area shows that the function of Alborz Mountains have changed for the people over time or have declined to a lower status. These mountains do not have their previous position in the minds of the people, and the authors believe that Iranians used to be consider Alborz Mountains as a cultural element with objective and subjective aspects. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the functions of Alborz Mountains and to study the relationship between mountains and people over time in order to find the meaning of the Alborz Mountains in terms of documentary and historical studies. The results of the research show that based on the conceptual scope of the landscape approach (which is a holistic and objective-minded approach to nature), the city and the mountains in general are not the main reasons for negligence of Alborz Mountains in the minds of people. In addition, the mountains for the people of Tehran, who are the main inhabitants of Alborz Mountains, are no longer a cultural landscape element with objective and subjective aspects. The objective aspects of mountains have been gradually disappeared or decreased considerably due to the loss of their objective functions and these elements have been eventually transformed into subjective elements.