درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Introduction: Nowadays, mental health of people has become a complex issue. So that the world health organization has proposed different solutions for health improvements. There has been an increase in mental disorders and depression in different communities and the importance of mental health has been neglected in many cases. It has been stated that social structure and culture play a fundamental role in the formation of some diseases such as depression and stress disorders. Therefore, further investigation is required for the relevance of the two important issues of mental health and culture. UNESCO defines culture “a set of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features of a society or a social group that in addition to art and literature, it encompasses lifestyles, ways of living together, value systems, traditions and beliefs.” Architecture's role in the expression of beliefs and culture, which are the expression of human identity, are believed to be an undeniable role. Therefore, the culture of any society, is the basis of the societies' architecture, in a way that it is the reflection of the community's culture. Iran's traditional architecture is the identity of faith, divine nature of goodness and deep passion. Given the link between mysticism and art in Iranian culture, the principles of Islamic art, especially architecture, influenced by the mystical dimension of Islam. Islamic civilization is based on peace and peaceful houses. According to the Quran, home is a place of rest and peace. So the first aim of building a house is to provide a place for human comfort. In recent years, with the change of lifestyles, the concept of home and residence has been changed. Therefore, the concept of home that was responsive to the needs of the life of human beings, has been changed as a mechanical product. This study endevours to exploit the principles of appropriate home from reliable sources such as Quran and Shi'a jurisprudence and investigate these principles in Iranian-Islamic traditional houses in order to reach a suitable guideline for contemporary houses with regards to Iranian-Islamic culture for mental health improvements of people. Literature review Mental health issue is less addressed in the researches and also there is not enough attention toward increasing mental health and stabilizing it. In most of the essays there are some sorts of solutions which are referring to a cure after happening this mental damage while, it is possible to figure out a solution for preventing this important modern issue which is preventable. Therefore, a sort of architecture which is connected to the life of people and also is a part of this life would have an undeniable effect on stabilizing the mental health. The cultural identity of the society could be considered as an important factor for the mental health of each person. Iranian-Islamic culture in contemporary houses are the most important issue in society needs mental peace and human separation from their culture leads to alienation from the original values of the community. One of the most important strategies in the design of contemporary architecture inspired by the principles of respect for the traditional homes of Iranian-Islamic culture that has defined the overall stability of international sustainability. Generally the features of Iranian culture, not only helps mental health but also helps the sustainability of architecture. According to Iranian culture, house is not just a shelter for residents, moreover, it should induce relaxation. The human sense of independence and external noise is not transmitted to the interior of the house.Traditional Islamic architecture reflects the enduring idea of archetype in the past, present and future through continuous image with timeless character wherein the act of creation on the part of some vast horizons disappear, to be together. Since sustainability has all the comprehensive features to meet the human, psychol

In addition to attention to natural light as a renewable, costless and environment-friendly source of energy in the late 20th century, numerous studies have been conducted into the effect of natural light on human being’s soul and body and all such studies reiterate the undeniable role of natural lighting on people’s behavior, attitudes, and efficiency. However, in spite of the awareness of the effects of natural light on human beings as well as on the environment, source of lighting in most buildings is still limited to artificial lighting and most of the solutions used in the old architecture with regard to the use of natural lighting have been forgotten nowadays. This paper, based upon a holistic approach and a qualitative research method analyses a few traditional houses in Hot and Dry climate of Iran and showed how their builders by using architectural elements as well as different methods of space organization so to better use light to satisfy the physical and psychological needs of the inhabitants,including visual and heat comfort, health, introducing  variety and increasing space quality. As we will see, this research describes the methods they tried to create a balance between physical and psychological needs of the inhabitants and to supply the required energy.

Looking from an historical perspective, it can be seen that many civilizations have lived in the country and consequently produced many different cultures and architectural products. One of the oldest cities which contain such historical examples which have lived until present is Tabriz. Its traditional houses are the most important places to represent the life style of the past. Lack of recognition and appreciation of these buildings by authorities and the public will gradually lead to their destruction and replacement by contemporary buildings. The present study seeks to introduce specific architectural features of traditional houses in Tabriz. Preservation of the features of these houses helps maintain the architectural heritage and culture of the region. Most old houses in Tabriz were reconstructed at the beginning of the Qajar era after a devastating earthquake in 1780. The destruction caused by contemporary constructions, in the chaos of modern period, makes it difficult for researchers to gather information about the principles of traditional buildings and to identify their typology. The survey is a compilation of a process in the typology of 52 traditional houses of Qajar and Pahlavi periods in Tabriz. The study revealed that it is possible to accomplish the classification of the monuments with the application of a quantification process in which the qualitative data related to architectural elements was successfully converted into quantitative data by assigning numerical values and using coefficients.