درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: This study endeavored to find out the possible relationship between reflectivity and impulsivity as cognitive learning styles and vocabulary/ grammar development as sub-skills among EFL learners.  Methodology: Two intact classes of the third-grade students were selected by the researchers and Oxford Placement Test was run for homogenizing them. After that, Barrat’s (2005) Impulsive/ Reflective questionnaire was given to the participants and they had to respond the translated items in a limited time. Regarding the score scale provided by the questionnaire, the participants were labeled as reflective and impulsive ones. Next, a standard grammar/vocabulary test, extracted from their book, administered to them and the scores were recorded by the researchers. Then, the scores of the questionnaires and tests sent to SPSS software for analyzing and interpreting the data. In inferential statistics, the researchers used correlation test to examine the possible relationship between the students' learning styles and their sub-skills development.  Findings: Results of the study indicated a positive relationship between the students' sub-skills achievements (vocabulary/ grammar) and their learning styles (reflectivity/ impulsivity). In other words, reflectivity and impulsivity had effect on the students' performance in sub-skills, as the reflective students presented better performance and made fewer errors than the impulsive ones in vocabulary and grammar tests.  Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that the higher the reflectivity of the learners is, the more successful they tend to be in such tests. It is expected that the findings of the research indicate the importance of learning styles in educational environment.

Purpose : This aim of present research was designing an effective professional ethics model in training from the perspective of heads and deputies of education of Tehran province. Methods : This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was mixed (qualitative and quantitative). The research population in both qualitative and quantitative sections was the heads and deputies of education in 2019-20 academic years. The research sample in the qualitative section according to the theoretical saturation principle was 40 people who were selected by purposive sampling method and in the quantitative section according to Cochran's formula were 230 people who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The research instruments were the semi-structured interview and a researcher-made questionnaire whose psychometric indicators were confirmed. Data were analyzed with using methods of open, axial and selective coding, exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling in SPSS and LISREL software. Finding : The results of both qualitative and quantitative sections showed that effective professional ethics in training had 40 indicators and 9 components including self-efficacy, scientific responsibility, individual ethics, managerial factors, organizational factors, job ethics, extra-organizational factors, social responsibility and belonging to scientific society. Also, the effective professional ethics model in training had a good fit and all 9 components had a significant effect on the mentioned model (P <0.05). Conclusion : According to the results, planning to improve the effective professions ethics in education is necessary by experts and planners. As a result, they can enhance the components of self-efficacy, scientific responsibility, individual ethics, managerial factors, organizational factors, job ethics, extra-organizational factors, social responsibility and belonging to scientific society

The irony of teaching standards policies is that they undermine the very commitments to professional autonomy that they espouse.  Positioned as condition (of competence and conduct) and consequence (of competence and conduct), autonomy becomes both philosophically and practically problematic. Drawing on the work of Jacques Derrida, the authors deconstruct the British Columbia standards policy titled “Standards for the Education, Competence, and Professional Conduct of Teachers.” Deconstruction is not aimed here at the destruction of standards policies but towards understanding and appreciating the role they can play in acknowledging that which is core to teaching and yet difficult to name within the language of standards. Our efforts are directed towards the rehabilitation of autonomy as educational responsibility that recognizes its own deep-seated and perhaps necessary contradictions.