درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: Considering the decreasing age of addiction and the many problems faced by addicts, the present research was conducted with the aim of presenting a causal model of bias towards drugs in students based on the academic failure and hyperactivity and attention deficit with the mediating role of hopelessness feelings. Method: The current research in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was descriptive from type of correlation. The research population was all the junior and senior high school students of one district of Mashhad city in the 2020-2021 academic years, which number of 310 people of them were selected as a sample by cluster random sampling method. The tools of the current research were the questionnaires of addiction potential, academic failure, hyperactivity and attention deficit and hopelessness, which whose psychometric indicators were confirmed in previous researches and in this study. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling method in SPSS version 24 and AMOS version 24 software. Results: The findings of the present study showed that the causal model of bias towards drugs in students based on the academic failure and hyperactivity and attention deficit with the mediating role of hopelessness feelings had a good fit. Also, the variable of academic failure on the hopelessness feelings and bias towards drugs, the variable of hyperactivity and attention deficit on the hopelessness feelings and the variable of hopelessness feelings on the bias towards drugs had a direct and significant effect (P<0.05), but the variable of hyperactivity and attention deficit on the bias towards drugs hadn’t a direct and significant effect (P>0.05). In addition, academic failure and hyperactivity and attention deficit had an indirect and significant effect on the bias towards drugs with the mediating of hopelessness feelings (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated the effective role of academic failure and hyperactivity and attention deficit with the mediating of hopelessness feeling on bias towards drugs. Therefore, the planners and specialists of cultural and educational activities of adolescents in order reduce to bias towards drugs can seek to design and implement programs to reduce academic failure, hyperactivity and attention deficit and hopelessness feelings.

Purpose: The blended training implies a continuous process of teaching and learning. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of determining the causal relationships between the identified factors in the development model of blended training in Tehran education. Methodology: The current research in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was descriptive from survey type. The population of this study was all the managers and assistants of education in Tehran city, which number of 242 manager and assistant were selected as a sample using the available sampling method. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire of development of blended training in education with 75 items. The data were analyzed with the methods of exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling in SPSS-V23 and LISREL-V8.8 software. Findings: The results of this study indicated that the development model of blended training in education had three components of constituent factors, organizational factors and educational factors, which its validity and reliability were confirmed. Also, the development model of blended training in education had a good fit and in this model, organizational factors and educational factors had a positive and direct effect on constituent factors of blended training in education (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, in order to improve the development of blended training in education can provide the ground for the realization of organizational factors and educational factors.