چکیده

بیان مسئله: در عرصه ی هنرهای بصری، نقاشی و سینما به عنوان دو رسانه ی مستقل و هر یک با زبان و امکانات بیانی خاص خود، به خلق روایت ها و انتقال احساسات می پردازند. نقاشی از طریق ترکیب بندی ثابت، رنگ، فرم و نور، و سینما با بهره گیری از حرکت، زمان و تداوم تصویر، مفاهیم را به مخاطب منتقل می کنند. بااین حال، هنگامی که این دو رسانه در فرآیندی اقتباسی به یکدیگر پیوند می خورند، امکانات تازه ای برای بازتولید معنا و تجربه ی هنری پدید می آید. اقتباس نقاشی در سینما به طور عمده در دو شیوه ی «اکفراسیس» (Ekphrasis) و «بازآفرینی» (Recreation) ظهور می یابد. در اکفراسیس، اثر نقاشی بدون تغییر عمده ای در قاب دوربین به تصویر کشیده می شود و به عنوان عنصری مکمل در روایت به کار می رود. در مقابل، بازآفرینی، فرآیندی خلاقانه تر است که در آن نقاشی با استفاده از صحنه آرایی، طراحی لباس، نورپردازی و بازیگری بازسازی می شود و در بافت داستانی فیلم ادغام می گردد. این بازسازی نه تنها به نمایش اثر هنری می پردازد، بلکه آن را در سیاقی تازه تفسیر کرده و لایه های معنایی جدیدی بر آن می افزاید. تحلیل بازآفرینی نقاشی در سینما از اهمیت ویژه ای برخوردار است، چراکه این فرآیند نشان دهنده ی تعامل فعال میان دو مدیای بصری است و می تواند تجربه ی مخاطب را از هردو اثر غنی تر کند. بازآفرینی، محدود به بازنمایی صرف تصویر نیست، بلکه اغلب حامل بار معنایی گسترده تر، نقد اجتماعی، بیان حالات روانی، یا تفسیر جدید از مضمون نقاشی اصلی است. با توجه به این زمینه، پژوهش حاضر می کوشد با تمرکز بر بازآفرینی نقاشی ها در آثار سینمایی، به پرسش هایی همچون نحوه ی بهره گیری از عناصر بصری نقاشی در خلق معنا، تفاوت میان بازآفرینی وفادارانه و الهامی، و تأثیر این بازآفرینی ها بر تجربه ی زیبایی شناختی مخاطب پاسخ دهد. این پژوهش درصدد است تا جایگاه بازآفرینی نقاشی به عنوان شیوه ای خلاقانه و تأثیرگذار در سینما و ابعاد تازه ای از پیوند میان هنرهای تصویری را آشکار سازد. هدف پژوهش: هدف «تحلیل کاربرد بازنمایی و اقتباس نقاشی ها در سینما» است. سؤال پژوهش: «کاربرد بازآفرینی برخی از نقاشی ها در آثار سینمایی چیست؟» روش تحقیق: این پژوهش به صورت توصیفی-تحلیلی انجام شده است و روش گردآوری داده ها، کتابخانه ای و مشاهده ی تصاویر است. همچنین روش تجزیه وتحلیل این پژوهش کیفی انتخاب شده است و به سه نمونه موردی، به تفصیل پرداخته خواهد شد. نتیجه گیری: یافته های پژوهش نشان می دهد که بازآفرینی نه تنها ارزش اثر اصلی را کاهش نمی دهد، بلکه جایگاه جدید و معتبرتری به هر دو اثر اقتباسی می بخشد. این رویکرد با تأکید بر خلاقیت، به احیای آثار هنری قدیمی کمک کرده و به آن ها حیات تازه ای می دهد. همچنین، بازآفرینی فرصت خلق آثار اصیل و الهام بخش را برای هنرمندان فراهم می کند که خود می توانند منبع اقتباس های جدید شوند. درنتیجه، این پژوهش نشان می دهد که بازآفرینی می تواند به ارتقای هر دو هنر و گسترش مخاطبان آن ها کمک کند.

Analysis of Artistic Adaptation in Cinema Based on the Recreation of Paintings

Exploring Artistic Adaptation in Cinema Based on the Recreation of Paintings Fatemeh Samadi, M.A., Department of Art, Faculty of Art, Ferdows Higher Education Institute, Mashhad,Iran. Sahar Sarvin, Ph.D., Department of Art, Faculty of Art, Ferdows Higher Education Institute, Iran. Problem Statement: In the realm of visual arts, painting and cinema function as two distinct media, each possessing its own expressive language and narrative mechanisms. While painting conveys meaning through static composition, color, form, and light, cinema relies on movement, temporality, and visual continuity to communicate concepts and emotions. However, when these two media intersect through adaptation, new possibilities emerge for generating meaning and enhancing artistic experience. The adaptation of paintings into cinema predominantly manifests through two approaches: ekphrasis and recreation . In ekphrasis , the painting is presented with minimal alteration within the cinematic frame, serving as a supplementary element in the narrative. Conversely, recreation is a more creative process wherein the painting is reconstructed using mise-en-scène, costume design, lighting, and performance, and is integrated into the film’s narrative context. This reconstruction not only presents the artwork but also reinterprets it in a new framework, enriching it with additional layers of meaning. Analyzing the recreation of paintings in cinema is of particular significance, as it highlights the active interaction between two visual media and enhances the audience’s engagement with both works. Recreation goes beyond mere visual representation; it often carries broader semantic implications, such as social critique, psychological expression, or a reinterpretation of the painting's original theme. Accordingly, this study investigates how cinematic works employ visual elements of painting to generate meaning, the distinctions between faithful and interpretative recreations, and the impact of these adaptations on the audience’s aesthetic experience. The research seeks to reveal the role of recreation as a creative and influential cinematic technique and to uncover new dimensions in the relationship between the visual arts. Research Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the use of representation and adaptation of paintings in cinema . Research Question: To achieve this aim, the main research question is: What is the function of recreating certain paintings in cinematic works? Methodology: This study adopts a descriptive-analytical methodology, as exploring the relationship between painting and cinema necessitates a systematic explanation of each domain and an analysis of their interconnections. The data have been collected through library and documentary research, as a thorough review of theoretical foundations and relevant practices was essential for the progress of the study. Given the breadth of the subject and to maintain focus on the primary research goal, some explanations are presented concisely, with authoritative references suggested for further reading. The data analysis is conducted qualitatively, and to attain greater precision in the findings, three case studies have been selected. The selection criteria for these films include diversity in the method of painting recreation, their significance in the history of art and cinema, and their suitability for comparative analysis within the framework of this research. Conclusion: By focusing on the recreation of paintings in cinema and analyzing three prominent examples of this process, the present study demonstrates that recreation is not merely a visual representation of artworks but a creative act of meaning-making that enhances the aesthetic experience. This method enables an innovative and dynamic connection between artistic media by merging visual elements, philosophical concepts, and cinematic narratives. The recreation of paintings in films such as Shutter Island , A Clockwork Orange , and About Schmidt deepens the emotional and semantic layers of the narratives and prompts the audience to reflect on themes such as identity crisis, psychological disintegration, and alienation. The findings indicate that artistic recreation not only revives and reintroduces paintings to contemporary audiences but also provides a platform for generating new, intertextual meanings. This process elevates the originality and depth of adapted works and, through artistic creativity, expands the boundaries of visual art in contemporary times. Thus, the recreation of paintings in cinema functions as a powerful mode of intermedial interaction, enriching the viewer’s artistic experience and bridging classical traditions with modern concerns. Ultimately, this study highlights the significance of recreation in the process of artistic adaptation and recommends that future research extend this line of inquiry to other artistic domains, including theater, music, and digital arts, in order to further investigate novel dimensions of intermediality. The central research question— What is the function of recreating certain paintings in cinematic works? —leads to a multifaceted exploration. The recreation of paintings in cinema functions not merely as a technique for visually representing existing artworks, but as a creative act within the broader process of artistic adaptation. Through this practice, filmmakers can harness the symbolic, emotional, and philosophical potentials of paintings to construct new narrative layers within the cinematic structure. In this process, the painting serves as a mediating element, facilitating the expression of complex ideas such as identity crisis, psychological collapse, existential conflicts, and critiques of social structures, often without the need for explicit exposition or verbal explanation. Recreation also forges a dynamic and creative link between historical artistic traditions and contemporary storytelling, offering a space for intermedial dialogue wherein the interpretation of the painting is re-contextualized. This approach not only revives the aesthetic value of artworks but also strengthens the viewer’s interpretive engagement in the meaning-making process. The audience, encountering these recreations, is invited to draw upon their own cultural and visual backgrounds to uncover hidden layers of the narrative, thus experiencing a multifaceted engagement with both the painting and the film. Therefore, the recreation of paintings in cinema has multiple functions: it acts as a narrative tool that deepens emotional expression and as a conceptual bridge that elevates the intellectual and aesthetic experience of the audience. In doing so, it transforms cinema into a platform for intermedial discourse and unlocks new expressive capacities for contemporary visual storytelling.  

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