درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Narcissism is an individual or group phenomenon in which individuals and groups become unhealthily enamored with them, perceiving themselves as superior to others. This condition has also infiltrated the realm of religion and spirituality, being recognized as one of the ills of religiosity. The present study aims to describe and explain religious narcissism and its components. It employs a descriptive-analytical method with a focus on the psychological foundations of narcissism to elucidate this phenomenon. The results indicate that it manifests in both religious individuals and groups or movements, leading them to issue reprimands and excommunications against others. The results demonstrate that despite its multiple components, the basis of the beliefs of the individual and the narcissistic religious movement centers around three core components: "Self-righteousness, absolutism, and exclusivism," which also encompass other components. Under the shadow of these three components—discussed in the psychology of narcissism under terms such as a sense of righteousness, superiority, self-centeredness, and exclusivity—narcissistic individuals and groups believe that in comparison to others, they are special and superior, that goodness is what they perceive it to be, and that evil is what they deny. They maintain an egocentric focus on themselves and their needs, convinced that everything is meant for them.

The Holy Qur'an, the sacred book of Muslims, is recognized as the miracle of the Prophet of Islam (pbuh). Therefore, over the past 14 centuries, numerous scholars and thinkers have devoted themselves to studying the various aspects of the Qur'an's inimitability ('I'jᾱz). In recent decades, one prominent field in Qur'anic studies attracting Muslim scholars and Orientalists is innovative research in discovering new dimensions of the linguistic-semantic structure, particularly the order in the Qur'an. Surah Ᾱl-e 'Imrᾱn is the third Surah and one of the Medinan Surahs of the Qur'an, located in the third and fourth Juz' (sections) of the Qur'an. This study, using a descriptive and analytical approach, examines the structural order of Surah Ᾱl-e 'Imrᾱn. It begins by defining and introducing the concept of symmetric order theory, followed by a rhetorical analysis of Surah Ᾱl-e 'Imrᾱn. This Surah is divided into eleven sections, and its circular symmetric order is proven using a comprehensive pattern of sequence and internal connection among its sections. Proving the existence of a circular structured order in Surah Ᾱl-e 'Imrᾱn demonstrates the unparalleled depth and precision in the structure of the Qur'an.

Stylistics, as a scientific discipline, derives from the methods of expression and the reasons for choosing one form of expression over another, as well as the relationships between the expression and its speaker. The primary application of stylistics is in the literary aspect of texts. This study utilizes stylistics as a tool for understanding the structure and style of the Quran. The present study, with a descriptive-analytical method and library study, aims to examine the stylistics of single-Ᾱyah stories in the Quran and conducts a linguistic analysis at three levels: phonetic, lexical, and grammatical. The linguistic features found in the single-Ᾱyah stories of the Quran cause a variation in style. Among the elements that have the most significant impact on the stylization of the stories is the element of repetition. The technique of repetition emerges with various functions at the levels of letters, words, and sentences. Additionally, elements such as contrast, conditional sentences, exclamatory sentences, nominal sentences, and emotional expressions transform the audience's feelings based on the specific aim of each story. Stylistic changes occur under the influence of various factors in these stories, and the style changes in accordance with the meanings and objectives of the narratives. By employing linguistic characteristics and rhetorical elements, the style of speech varies based on the audience's state and the specific goals of the narrative. Stylistic changes such as the number of verbs, changes in the arrangement and frequency of letters, and changes in the tone of the style of the narratives correspond to their content and expressive style

The Qur’an encompasses a multitude of valuable teachings that serve as essential guidance for Muslims. To fully derive benefits from this divine source, a comprehensive and continuous engagement is imperative. The present study aimed to develop and standardize the "Familiarity with the Qur’an Questionnaire" (FwQQ) and to investigate its factorial structure. Utilizing the insights of Qur’an teachers, experts, and lecturers of Qur'anic studies with seminary degrees from Saqqez County, the characteristics of individuals familiar with the Qur’an were identified. Based on these characteristics, a 22-item questionnaire was developed. A total of 434 primary and secondary school teachers as well as Qur’anic studies instructors from Saqqez, selected through multi-stage cluster sampling, participated in the study and completed the questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and LISREL software through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) (including principal component analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) (using fit indices). The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test indicated that the data were suitable for factor  analysis. Additionally,  PCA with varimax  rotation revealed that the FwQQ comprises two factors: "Learning and Teaching the Qur’an," and "Tendency towards the Qur’an and Contemplation on It." These results were also supported by CFA, demonstrating a good fit between the data and the two-factor model. The reliability of the questionnaire, calculated using Cronbach's alpha, was found to be 0.97 for the overall scale, 0.93 for the first factor, and 0.96 for the second factor. This validated instrument holds promise for future research exploring the role of Familiarity with the Qur’an in various psychological and social contexts.

Significant advancements in empirical sciences have intensified feelings of self-forgetfulness, emptiness, meaninglessness, stress, and loneliness in humans. As a result, individuals in our time more than any other time need a solid foundation for guidance. The belief in "Mahdism," which is a common belief among all Abrahamic religions and has a special prominence in Shia Islam, can serve as a strong and salvific foundation against cognitive, ethical, and psychological crises with utmost effectiveness. In this article, we delve into the various dimensions of this idea from the perspective of Quranic verses and Islamic narrations and its role in addressing various crises in modern society, as well as addressing some intellectual doubts rose against this idea. By referencing religious and rational sources, we will analyze and elucidate the Islamic perspective on the Mahdi and his revolutionary efforts. Modern humans desire peace, wisdom, and justice, which are lofty ideals. Based on historical texts and religious narrations, Imam Mahdi is a figure who will realize these ideals and overthrow the adversaries. Imam Mahdi will establish a government based on justice that will encompass the entire world. He will actualize the Quranic invitation: "Say, O! People of the Book come to a word that is equitable between us and you." (Quran, 3:64). Religious evidence indicates that Imam Mahdi establishes an ideal relationship among individuals and eliminates discord, oppression, and ignorance. He establishes a government based on kindness and mercy by actualizing the Quranic verse "The believers are brothers" (Quran, 49:10). There are over three thousand hadiths from the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) and the impeccable Imams specifically related to the topic of the Imam of the Time. These hadiths can be found in Shia and Sunni texts. It is noteworthy that many renowned Sunni scholars have published specialized books on the topic of the Imam Zaman (AS). Throughout history, the concept of anticipation and hope for a brighter future has been a common belief among nations and religions and will continue to be so. This outlook is intrinsic to humanity. However, the difference lies in the representative of civilization and the leader of global sovereignty. Within the framework of Shia thought, emphasis is placed on the honorable Imam who experiences the hardships of life like any other individual. He holds authority among the people and is a partner in their joys and sorrows. There are two distinct forms of anticipation. The first type is recognized as effective, empowering, and enduring anticipation, which can even be considered a form of selflessness and service to the truth. On the other hand, the second type of anticipation is deemed sinful, destructive, and paralyzing, ultimately leading to captivity. In the contemporary era, there is an increasing consensus that a global leader is necessary to address the multiple crises we are facing. This leader will have the ability to eradicate wars, conflicts, power abuse, colonialism, and other forms of injustice and inequality. However, it is essential to identify an individual with the necessary qualities to fulfill this important role. The global leader who will bear this immense responsibility must serve as a role model. Critics of Shiism believe that according to the beliefs of this school of thought, the hidden Imam must now have lived for almost twelve centuries, which is impossible for any human being. In response, it must be clarified that this criticism is merely based on the improbability of such a scenario, not its impossibility. In fact, a lifespan of this length or even longer is usually impossible, but not logically impossible. However, those who delve into the hadiths of the Prophet of Islam and the impeccable Imams find that they describe this life as miraculous. A miracle is by no means impossible, and it cannot be refuted with scientific arguments. Furthermore, it is strange that these criticisms arise from the People of the Book, including Jews, Christians, and some Muslims, as they themselves accept the miracles of the prophets of God based on their holy scriptures. According to the Islamic traditions and Quranic verses, it can be concluded that Imam Mahdi will appear to restore the position of the heavenly book and the teachings of the Prophet of Islam. He will establish global justice and renew the spiritual essence of the religious community. These are issues that no prophet has succeeded in fully realizing. The real life of the book and tradition lies in implementing global justice. The ultimate goal and purpose of God in creation will be fully realized through the most selfless servants, reformers, and devoted followers of the Prophet of Islam. Imam Mahdi will begin his mission by inviting people to a healthy and civilized life through faith. People worldwide, tired of the trials and tribulations of life and disillusioned with the emptiness of human ideologies, will respond eagerly and wholeheartedly to the call of Mahdi and strive to develop their mental powers and deepen their religious knowledge. Therefore, with determined resolve, leadership, and steadfast support from his loyal followers, Mahdi is poised to create a fundamental framework for a global governing body that upholds justice. The ultimate goal of Islam is to establish global justice (Quran, 57:25). God's definitive promise of victory guarantees the completion of Islam's historical philosophy, especially the triumph of the oppressed: "We wanted to bestow favor upon those who were oppressed in the land and make them leaders and inheritors." (Quran, 28:5) Belief in the Mahdi not only guarantees a hopeful outlook on the future of the world and humanity but also signifies a fundamental progress towards intellectual growth and maturity.