درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: Considering the role and importance of knowledge and its transfer in education, the purpose of this research was to investigating the inefficiency causes of education in the field of knowledge transfer. Methodology: This study in terms of purpose was from type of applied and in terms of implementation method was from type of qualitative. The research population was education specialists, principals, teachers, parents and high school students of Iran in the 2019-20 academic years. The sample size was considered 20 people which from each of the five group number of 4 people were selected as a sample by available sampling method. The research tool was a semi-structured interview whose validity was confirmed by the triangulation method and its reliability was obtained by the agreement coefficient method between the two coders 0.87. Data were analyzed by open, axial and selective coding method in MAXQDA software. Findings: The results showed that the inefficiency causes of educational institution in the field of knowledge transfer had 184 open codes or indicator, 16 axial codes or component and 7 selected codes or categorical. The category of objective had two components of human education and training, the category of teacher had four components of material and spiritual rights, selection, moral commitment and professional commitment, the category of student had two components of motivation and learning, the category of curriculum had two components of content and curriculum and settings, categories of educational methods had two components of teaching methods and teaching aids equipment, the category of educational environment had two components of educational space and secondary education space and the student's psychological category had two components of family and social status. Finally, based on them a pattern of inefficiency causes of education in the field of knowledge transfer was designed. Conclusion: According to the identified indicators, components and categories for the inefficiency causes of education in the field of knowledge transfer, planning is necessary to reduce the inefficiency of the mentioned institution in the field of knowledge transfer.

Purpose: The school principals’ competence plays an important role in improving the education system. As a result, this study aimed to investigate and present the competency model of high school principals. Methodology: The current research was applied in terms of purpose and mixed (qualitative and quantitative) in terms of implementation. In the qualitative part, the research population was the educational management experts of Guilan province in the academic year of 2021-22, and according to the principle of theoretical saturation, 15 of them were selected as a sample using targeted and snowball sampling methods. In the quantitative part, the research population was the principals of the second year high school in Guilan province in the academic year 2021-22, and according to the table of Krejcie and Morgan, 127 of them were selected as a sample by stratified random sampling method. The research instrument was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative part, whose psychometric indicators were checked and confirmed. The data of the qualitative part were analyzed by open, axial and selective coding method in Maxqda software, and the data of the quantitative part were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis method in Amos software. Findings: The results of the qualitative section showed that 137 indicators, 17 components and 5 dimensions were identified for the competence of high school principals; so as to include the dimensions of belief (with the components of cognition, belief, value and behavior), rational (with the components of discretion power, future studies and effective decision-making), personal (with the components of creating a positive environment, needs assessment, mental health and the flourishing of talents), managerial (with the components of human/general skills, perceptual/maturity skills and specialized/leadership skills) and educational (with the components of teaching and learning process, educational supervision and guidance, and educational evaluation). Also, the results of the quantitative section showed that the factor load and the average variance extracted of the dimensions and components were higher than 0.50 and their content validity and reliability ratio with Cronbach’s alpha method was higher than 0.80. In addition, the Competency model of high school principals had a good fit and each of the dimensions had a significant effect on the corresponding components and each of the components had a significant effect on the corresponding indicators (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the competency model of high school principals, planning to improve and promote the competence of school principals through the identified dimensions, components and indicators seems necessary.

Women have always been of cultural relevance as one of the most important elements of the society. The central role of women in cultural development has caused significant increase in the attention to these areas in recent years. The main aim of this research has been to interpret the women's status in cultural development and improvement. For this purpose, first based on theoretical principles and the literature available in this regard, the initial conceptual model was prepared. Then, based on the opinions of the statistical population of the research, as experts specialized in culture, interpretation of the indices of this model has been done. The sampling method in this research has been cluster, with the sample size determined as 384 using Morgan table. In this research, for measuring the research indices, questionnaire has been used. The reliability of this questionnaire was confirmed through Cronbach alpha coefficient, and its validity via construct validity method. The results of this research led to identification of the major indicators and components affecting the women's status in cultural development and improvement.