درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of problem solving on preschool children 's maladaptive behavior. Methodology: The method of this study was practical and quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of this study was preschool children of Kermanshah kindergartens. Twenty-four of these eligible volunteer children were selected using available sampling method and were assigned to experimental and control groups. Gresham & Elliott (1990) Social Skills Rating Scale was used to collect the data. Pre-test was administered to both groups, then the experimental group received 16 sessions of problem-solving skills training Intervention sessions were held 3 times a week with the presence of a trainer and an assistant for 45 minutes. The control group did not receive targeted intervention. Then, post-test was performed on both groups. After four months, follow-up tests were performed for both groups to evaluate the reliability of the results over time. Data analysis was performed using multivariate analysis of covariance at the significant level 0.05 and Spss24 software. Findings: The results showed that there was a significant difference between preschool children in maladaptive behavior (internal and external behavior) (P<0/01). Conclusion: Maladaptive behavior in preschool age is a normal behavior and a developmental characteristic that many parents consider this behavioral model to be age-appropriate and thus does not form a cycle of maladaptive behaviors in parents and children

Purpose: The present study was conducted with the aim of "providing a model for creating happiness and vitality in high schools". Methodology: The present study was a descriptive (qualitative and quantitative) method in terms of practical purpose, field method and data collection method in terms of practical purpose. The statistical population of this study was 30 experts in the field of happiness, 30,000 high school students, 4800 high school teachers in Alborz, about 80 high school girls and finally high school experts in the general administration. The education department has about 55 members. Based on the principle of saturation in the interview, a sample number of comments from 21 experts was recorded. Based on the Cochran's formula, 380 high school students, 355 high school teachers, 67 high school principals, and 48 school principals were appointed. Data collection method was used in the qualitative part of the field method for semi-structured interview and in a small part of the researcher-made questionnaire. The formal validity and content of the questionnaire were performed by experts, supervisors and advisors, and its reliability was obtained by Cronbach's alpha. The total questionnaire was 0.98, which was distributed and summarized. The influential components were extracted and based on it, the proposed research model consisted of four main sections including the philosophy and objectives of the model, theoretical foundations, conceptual framework and executive steps. Findings: According to the results obtained from the perspective of the participants in the research, 5 factors of physical space (physical), educational activities (cultural-artistic), educational activities, comprehensive characteristics, and the financial situation of the school in the form of 10 components, physical space, component of exciting situations, holding extracurricular workshops, job skills and individual characteristics of school staff, quality of educational content, scientific-research activities, ethical-social, characteristics Emotional-psychological, family, and school financial status have contributed to the creation of happiness and vitality in high schools and educational settings. Conclusion: Student happiness as an important part of teaching if students need education and emotional needs can lead to academic achievement and better student performance.

Purpose: The present study aims to study the Diagnosis of extracurricular Courses of Sport in the Educational system through employing Weisbord’s Model. Methodology: The descriptive – survey method was employed. The statistical population was all sports teachers in North Khorasan Province who were 750 people. Based on the kerjeci & Morgan table, 256 sports secretaries were identified as the sample. The data gathering tool in this research was a researcher-made questionnaire with 22 questions, whose questions were designed based on the Weisbord’s design. The face and content validity of this questionnaire were evaluated using the opinion of the university experts. In order to study the construct validity of this questionnaire, exploratory factor analysis was used. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. The reliability of this questionnaire was 0.87. The statistical methods used in the present study included the K-S test, exploratory factor analysis, and T-test. All data analysis was done in SPSS software version 22. Findings: The results of this study showed that the identified complications in accordance with the webs board pattern in the present study, explained 75.25% of the total variance of the questions. The number of complications detected in the research includes the Weisbord’s Model in all dimensions and domains below the average level of 3. Considering the significance level below 0.05, it can be stated that these complications are in poor condition. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that there are some complications in post-exercise training programs in education, all of which are in poor condition. The results of the present study indicated that goals, structure, rewards, useful mechanisms, communication, and leadership are all complications of the post-training exercise in education that all of them are in undesirable conditions.