درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

It is universally agreed concept that education is a corner s tone for socio economic transformation.  Education has been recognized as weapon to fight backwardness, poverty and illiteracy for ages. Experience have shown that all the good benefit of education has been assured only when there is quality education. However, there are visible indicators that education quality has not been s till achieved in the entire world. Particularly, education quality in developing countries is perceived as discouraging. Hence, the sharp decline of education quality is becoming major concern for developing countries like Ethiopia. This is also more serious concern in emerging regions like Gambella regional s tate where mos t people share pas toralism way of life. It is also unders tandable fact that there are locally known spatial and non-spatial factors that affect education quality. Therefore, the main objective of this s tudy was to identify spatial and non-spatial factors that influence educational quality of primary schools in emerging regions. As methodological approach, the s tudy was used descriptive design approach with mix of qualitative and quantitative method. The main data sources were both primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected from spatial and non-spatial data sources. The spatial information was mainly collected from GPS reading, aerial photo and land use plan. Non spatial primary data were collected using interviews and discussions. The perceptions and reflections of key informants (teachers, students, principals and parents) were entertained by using focus group discussion, key informant interview and public hearings. The secondary data sources were collected by means of desk review. As result, the study was found that education quality in the city is weakening. The underlying causes are, low teachers motivation level, high students- teacher ratio, high students- section ratio, lack of instructional materials, lack of infras tructure and facilities. From the spatial perspective, the education institutions are an unevenly dis tributed that students from the central part of the city are more advantageous. 

The term lifestyle, which had first been set forth by Alfred Adler in 1929, quickly entered other areas of science. Different scholars have stated various definitions of this term in different scientific fields. The general definition of this term is the social and cultural changes in the everyday life of the people. The major changes in lifestyle in the contemporary times have been made by the increased efficiency of modernity and technology in people's lives. Modernity entered Iran in Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar era; but, its effects in construction are seen in the last 50 years after the adoption of comprehensive urban plans. These changes have changed the content and function of the traditional home and turned them into apartments. The subject of the study is District 9, Tehran, which is located in the central axis of Tehran and has been less invaded by the rapid development. Thus, the gradual changes in the texture and housing in that area can be studied. The purpose of the study was to examine the changes in apartments in the last 50 years in Tehran. The main question was how the spatial changes of the elements of residential apartments in Tehran was. The results showed that among the changes the ratio of spaces - bedroom, living room, and dining room and kitchen - in the 10 and 15-year intervals, the ratio of the average kitchen size in residential apartments has not changed during 50 years. However, the ratio of the average size of the bedroom and living room and dining room spaces during this period has changed greatly, but regression to the initial point was obtained at the end.