درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The occupation of the Palestinian Territory for over seven decades encompasses historical, political, and legal dimensions, intertwined with issues of peace and security. At its core, this conflict arises from the denial of a nation's right to self-determination and the establishment of an independent state. This article not only recounts pertinent events but also analyzes the central issue of self-determination. By affirming this right, the article explores the right to resist and combat the occupying forces, examining the interplay between self-determination and the right to resistance. Additionally, it addresses the obligations of other states concerning the occupied nation and the occupying power, adhering closely to international legal standards and citing relevant sources. The recent tragic events and the dire circumstances faced by the people of Gaza, including the loss of nearly 40,000 innocent lives, underscore the significance of this research. It is evident that violations of the Palestinian people's right to self-determination are the primary causes of this prolonged crisis. The struggle and resistance of the Palestinian people, including armed resistance, are framed as the only viable solution. Both self-determination and the right to resist, including armed struggle, possess international legal legitimacy. Other states are obligated to support the Palestinian people and must refrain from legitimizing the occupation or facilitating its continuation. The support of the Islamic Republic of Iran for the Palestinian cause can be understood within this context of international law.

The 21st century is commonly referred to as the century of technological upgradation and digitalisation. A large section of the developmental activities that are taking place in our daily lives are due to the invention and exploration based activities that are being conducted by  researchers, scientists and scholars from different nations. One of the most significant activities that have helped in shaping the country's future is the ability to forecast weather conditions, disaster situations, natural calamities and atmospheric health of a country and also of the world at large. This becomes possible because of the imagery and the information which are generated with the help of the satellites. Furthermore different categories of satellite also help in broadcasting such information and sending information to the masses through various modes of communication including the television and the wireless network mediums. The term invention is heavily dependent and interconnected with a particular discipline of law- the intellectual property right. The information which is generated by the satellites is considered as important creations. The main question that arises in this sector is whether such information is subject to protection under any scheme and specifically copyright regime of the intellectual property right domain. This paper focuses on the intersection between the copyright regime and the creations in relation to the outer space and what are the possible areas which are required to be focused on in order to establish a sound system of protection for such creations.

Background and Theoretical Foundations: The transformation of the Iranian Navy from a purely defensive force to a strategic force has highlighted it as an influential component in Iran's future position. The presence of this force in international waters, the need for greater interaction with trans-regional countries and the impact of the new mission environment, monitoring and identifying the various trends governing the emerging global patterns, to understand the possible futures ahead and more importantly, build It makes a desirable future necessary. Research method: The current research aims to explain the strategic model and the consequences of the presence of the strategic navy of the army in international waters and Makran coasts. The qualitative research approach was implemented with the grounded theory strategy. For this purpose, after reviewing the specialized texts related to the research subject, semi-structured interviews with 12 experts in the sea domain until data saturation were conducted using targeted sampling. Findings and Results: The findings of the research, which was conducted through international and axial coding, show that the data consists of 65 open codes, 59 axial codes, 10 categories, and finally, by using them, 11 contextual factors (training of expert staff, development Commercial, fishing and military fleets, succession of commanders, port services and wharf construction, equipped with modern equipment - smart, radio and satellite facilities (and 4 intervening factors) comprehensive support of sovereignty, convergence with countries, educational and sanitary environment suitable, supply of parts and special equipment, rights and benefits and welfare affairs), as well as 15 strategic factors (observance of international policies, diplomatic influence, international credibility, formulation of force missions, knowledge of international law, increasing geopolitical and strategic depth, knowledge of the environment and space, increasing the weight of geopolitics and... (9 causal factors) professional development of employees, use of elite talent, holding short-term and future research courses, paying attention to the health of employees and... (and 20 consequences) establishing security, deterrence, Sea-based economy and...)was developed.