درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Background: A discourse emerged concerning hijab, creating a new perspective in public opinion and opening a path towards public awakening; this was the political sanctity of hijab unveiling. Objective: The present study, based on the hypothesis that the political sanctity of hijab unveiling is rooted in Quranic verses and aligns with historical evidence, aims to theorize the concept of the political sanctity of hijab unveiling. Methodology: This paper employs a data-driven theory-building approach.  Initially, Quranic verses were coded. Subsequently, other sources, including hadiths, scholarly articles, reports, and historical evidence of unveiling, were identified and coded.  Sub-categories were then identified in relation to the main category to form this model.  It is noteworthy that here, the grounded theory approach was primarily implemented through robust historical sources and extensive, in-depth, and precise religious research possessing sufficient richness. Findings:  Through axial coding of the data, in addition to the main category, three core categories were extracted: the religious obligation of maintaining hijab in both minimal and maximal forms as mentioned in the Quran, and hijab as a social law applicable to all Islamic countries and all citizens of an Islamic country. Results: The core phenomenon, "The theorizability of the political sanctity of hijab unveiling," with the provision of necessary conditions, yields positive consequences towards individuals' commitment to the hijab law by understanding the deep-rooted sanctity of hijab unveiling in Quranic verses, and consequently, increases the prevention of transgression.  However, to fully achieve these consequences, a strategy of meticulous planning to counter hijab unveiling as a tool to undermine the Islamic government is recommended, not only as a religious obligation but also as a symbol and indicator of the Islamic system.

Given the importance of increasing and decreasing procreation, the present study aims to address contradictory verses and narrations on this topic using a descriptive and analytical method and answer the question: ‘What are the solutions for resolving contradictory verses and narrations regarding the increase and decrease of procreation?’ The research findings show that by applying two solutions, namely governmental decrees and the rules of conflict, balance, and preference, the conflict among the verses and narrations in the field of prolificacy and population control is resolved. In the first approach, the verses and narrations of prolificacy and population control, based on the primary principle and rule, indicate the preference and desirability of increasing procreation. However, if the individual and social conditions of the Islamic community change, the primary rule may change. The ruler and the supreme jurisprudent can issue a decree according to the circumstances of the time. Consequently, both an increase and a decrease in procreation may occur in different times and conditions in the Islamic community, thus avoiding a conflict. In the second approach, considering that the contradictory verses and narrations in the field of prolificacy and population control are divided into three categories: Conflict between verses of prolificacy and verses of population control, conflict between verses and narrations of prolificacy and population control, and conflict between narrations of prolificacy and narrations of population control. In the conflict between verses of prolificacy and verses of population control, the verses of prolificacy are preferred. In the conflict between verses and narrations of prolificacy and population control, two scenarios are possible: Sometimes the verses of prolificacy conflict with the narrations of population control, in which case the verses of prolificacy are preferred because they are definite in meaning ( Dalālah ) and definite in origin ( Ṣudūr ), while the narrations of population control are speculative in meaning ( Dalālah ) and speculative in origin ( Ṣudūr ); and sometimes, the verses of population control conflict with the narrations of prolificacy. The narrations of prolificacy are preferred because the verses of population control do not indicate procreation and increasing progeny. In the conflict between narrations of prolificacy and narrations of population control, since the conflict between these narrations is of the type of absolute and restricted conflict, the narrations of population control are restricted by the narrations of prolificacy. Accordingly, according to the verses and narrations, the abundance and increase of procreation are desirable.

One of the most important structural studies is the examination of narrative techniques in the Quranic stories with the aim of showing the quality of the visual layers. To achieve this type of research, various models and methods are used. One of the interdisciplinary models is dramaturgy. Dramaturgy, as a theatrical function, seeks synergy within the text and displays actions to influence the audience and answer their potential questions; likewise, the audience's confrontational or interactive feelings with the work and structured analyses of the artistic work aim to determine the impact of the narrative and the longevity of the work. In this research, the story of Prophet Moses and Khiḍr (al-Kahf: 60ff) and a part of the story of Joseph have been studied using a descriptive-analytical method. The results show that the quality of using the dramaturgy of silence encompasses ten different and novel types, from authorial silence to causal silence. In these narrative techniques, the Quranic images do not, on their own, draw the narrative lines of the text, but rather are reflected in the domains of certain insights, concepts, and epistemological, cosmological, ethical, and aesthetic assumptions. These seemingly fragmented images are multi-referential and in their echo also include silence, making it a part of such frames. The narrative essence in the story of Khiḍr and Moses and Joseph is the mention of the meta-narrative in two realms: "First, the compositional actions and functions based on reality, and the second part, the descriptive and interpretive actions that recount the paratexts."

The present study conducts an ontological study of the Quran, explaining its existential layers in the Divine Realm, also known as the World of God or the World of Necessity, and the Created Realm, also known as the World of Being or the World of Contingency. Based on the views of mystics and Quranic verses, it explains the existential ranks of the Quran and its specific names. The importance of this issue lies in proving the single, multi-ranked existence of the Quran and demonstrating that the Quran is present at every stage of existence, from the World of God to the World of Creation, each with a specific station and name. Through a comparative study of these ranks with Quranic verses, this article concludes that the Quran, as divine knowledge in the form of divine speech, saying, book, and both creative and written words, is present in an integrated manner at every rank of existence, accompanying the Perfect Human. A key finding of this article is that the ontological ranks of the Quran are sometimes expressed with a specific name in the Quran, such as Umm al-Kitāb (The Mother of the Book), Kitāb Mubīn (The Clear Book), and Nūr (Light), each pointing to a specific rank of the Quran's existence. In some cases, there is no specific name for a particular existential rank of the Quran in the verses, but the rank is referenced. For example, it is stated that the Quran was sent down from the rank of the name Allāh or the names al-Raḥmān or al-Ḥayy . This paper was written using a hybrid research method (textual-argumentative) and based on library and software data collection. It is an attempt to, for the first time in a coherent study, use mystical sources and Quranic verses to articulate the specific name of the Divine Book at each existential rank or at least the name of its existential rank.

Van Leeuwen's (2008) discourse-semantic approach is a method of discourse analysis that, employing socio-semantic categories and emphasizing the importance of social actors in discourse, investigates the hidden layers of language in both oral and written texts, revealing the underlying relationships within each discourse. In Van Leeuwen's (2008) method, anyone playing a role in the discourse is considered a social actor. This branch of analysis can find a special place in Quranic studies; for, upon reflection on certain Quranic narratives, it becomes evident that these texts, overtly and covertly, contain many of these discourse systems. This research aims to analyze the discourse system of Surah Yūsuf using a descriptive-analytical method, employing the socio-semantic components of Van Leeuwen's (2008) analytical model. Given that the Surah Yūsuf, while narrating a concise account of the life of Prophet Yūsuf, features significant social actors and noteworthy speech acts, a discourse analysis using Van Leeuwen's theory reveals beneficial insights that enhance the wonder of this heavenly book.  Studies show that in this Surah, discourse components based on overtness (frequency 758) have a higher frequency compared to those based on covertness (frequency 322). This signifies that God, in a stylistic innovation, familiarizes the audience with the names of individuals, groups, places, and times in which social actors play active roles.  Furthermore, role attribution (frequency 195), reference type specification (frequency 302), and nature specification (frequency 88) show the highest representation in the various overt expressions of social actors in this Surah