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Introduction and Objective: Since their development the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales have been extensively used to assess schizotypy in clinical and nonclinical samples. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the short forms of the Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales (SWSS) in an Iranian population. Research Methodology: This research was a correlational design. Three hundred and twelve participants from universities students along with thirty-four schizophrenic patient, and fifty theirs first degree relatives were included in this study. Participants answered to Persian version of SWSS, Short form Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (SO-LIFE) Questionnaire and Coleridge’s STA scale. Findings: The results showed internal consistency in terms of Cronbach's α, and test–retest reliability. The results of the two methods showed a good reliability for the shortened WSS. Concurrent validity was tested by comparing with SO-LIFE and STA which showed acceptable relationship. Differential validity was tested by comparing SWSS scores between schizophrenic patients, theirs first degree relatives and normal people which was acceptable. Conclusion: Moreover, the factor structure of Persian version of SWSS showed two factor solutions, and resembles that seen in previous related studies, providing further cross-cultural empirical evidence of the two factorial structures of the WSS. The present results provide the further demonstration of the validity of the shortened WSS and support their use in the study of schizotypy particularly among Iranian population.

Aim: Marriage is a social institution that forms the foundation of relationships and creates family units. The present study was conducted to examine the effect of transactional analysis on marital quality and positive thinking of married women in District 6 of Tehran in 2020. Methods: This quasi-experimental research was conducted with a pretest-posttest design and included a control group. Among the married women in the 6th district of Tehran who had enrolled in the Institute of Transactional Analysis Training, 34 individuals were selected using Purposive sampling, with 17 randomly assigned to the experimental group and 17 to the control group. The marital quality and positive thinking questionnaires were administered to subjects in the experimental group during the pretest phase, followed by implementing the independent variable (transactional analysis) in the experimental group through 9 three-hour sessions. The control group did not receive any training. After the final session, both groups completed the marital quality and positive thinking questionnaires in the post-test phase. The SPSS 19 software was utilized to conduct the covariance analysis test to analyze the data. Results: The value of F indicates the effect of transactional analysis training on marital quality (F=533.862; P=0.017), and positive thinking (F=14.67; P=0.001) demonstrates the impact of transactional analysis training on positive thinking and marital quality is confirmed after controlling for pretest effects and nuisance variables. Conclusion:This study reveals that transactional analysis impacts marital quality and positive thinking of married women. One of the most crucial functions of training is the ability to express one's needs to the spouse, leading to improvement in marital quality, specifically by reducing stress and anger. Additionally, by helping individuals identify and manage their emotions, transactional analysis training can help control negative emotions and improve their overall outlook, increasing positive thinking. This positive thinking, achieved through transactional analysis training, can improve individuals' mental and emotional well-being and reconstruct their damaged spirits.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic and complex disease that requires constant medical and psychological care. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of acceptance, commitment, and mindfulness therapy in improving blood sugar control and weight control in people with type 2 diabetes. Method: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a two-month follow-up with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all men with type 2 diabetes and overweight in Tehran in 2021. The research samples were 60 patients who were selected through the purposeful sampling method and randomly assigned into three equal groups including experimental group A (under acceptance and commitment therapy), experimental group B (under mindfulness therapy), and control group (without intervention). The data collection tool in this study was the HBA1C test to control blood sugar and BMI to control weight. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: The results showed a significant difference between the mean scores of blood sugar control and weight control in the acceptance and commitment therapy group and the control group (p < 0.001). Also, there was a significant difference between the blood sugar control and weight control scores of the mindfulness therapy group and the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It is concluded that both interventions, especially acceptance and commitment therapy to reduce the psychological and physical problems of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: The present study aimed to explain attitudes toward extramarital relationships based on personality dimensions and sexual schemas, with the mediating role of sexual novelty-seeking. Methods: This research employed a descriptive-correlational design. The statistical population included all couples who referred to psychological counseling centers and family courts in Tehran in 2021. The sample size was determined as 674 individuals based on Morgan's table and selected using a convenience sampling method considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Individuals with anxiety or mood disorders were excluded from the study. Research instruments included the Attitudes Toward Extramarital Relationships Questionnaire by Mark (2006), the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (2004), the Questionnaire of Cognitive Schema Activation in Sexual Contexts (QCSASC), and the Glass and Wright Justification for Extramarital Relationships Questionnaire (1992). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and path analysis with LISREL software version 10.20. Findings: Results indicated that 30.7% of the variance in attitudes toward extramarital relationships was indirectly explained by personality dimensions and sexual schemas, with the mediating role of sexual novelty-seeking. Based on the findings, attitudes toward extramarital relationships were positively and significantly predicted by neuroticism (path coefficient = 0.25), openness to experience (path coefficient = 0.84), sexual schemas (path coefficient = 0.27), and sexual novelty-seeking (path coefficient = 0.16). Conclusion: The findings revealed that attitudes toward extramarital relationships were negatively and significantly predicted by agreeableness (path coefficient = -0.38) and conscientiousness (path coefficient = -0.33). Thus, personality traits and sexual schemas predict extramarital relationships and sexual novelty-seeking.

Objective: The present study aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a family mediation intervention model on self-esteem, negative mood, and social anxiety in children of divorce. Methods: The method of this study was quasi-experimental, employing a pre-test and post-test design. The statistical population consisted of all children of divorced parents in Alborz Province, who had legal cases filed in the judiciary of this province. The research sample included 30 children, randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15 in each group), selected through convenience sampling. The children completed the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS) and the Maria Kovacs Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI). Findings: The results of multivariate covariance analysis (Wilks' Lambda = 0.45, F = 9.46, P < 0.001) indicated that the family mediation intervention model, based on co-parenting, was effective in reducing negative mood (F = 7.03, P < 0.01), negative self-esteem (F = 15.87, P < 0.01), and social anxiety (F = 7.07, P < 0.01). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, the family mediation training program, grounded in co-parenting, can be considered a useful educational method alongside other support programs for children of divorce.

Objective: The primary goal of this study was to present a forgiveness model based on childhood maltreatment and attachment styles, with the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in betrayal victims. Methods: This descriptive correlational study involved betrayal victims who had sought counseling in Tehran in 2022, with a sample of 653 individuals selected through convenience sampling. The instruments used included Bernstein et al.'s (2003) Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Hazan and Shaver's (1987) Attachment Style Questionnaire, Young's (1999) Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire, and the Forgiveness Questionnaire by Ray et al. (2001). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 and AMOS version 24. Findings: The results indicated a negative relationship between childhood maltreatment, insecure attachment styles, and early maladaptive schemas with forgiveness, while secure attachment showed a positive relationship with forgiveness. Furthermore, the results suggested that early maladaptive schemas mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment, attachment styles, and forgiveness in betrayal victims. Conclusion: Overall, the results indicated that the evaluated structural model was well-fitted, and the findings could assist therapists and counselors in better understanding the forgiveness process in betrayal victims.