درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This study aims to explore the psychological and emotional adjustment of parents raising children with intellectual disabilities. This qualitative study utilized semi-structured interviews with 26 parents recruited through online platforms. Participants were selected through purposive sampling, ensuring diversity in caregiving experiences. Data collection continued until theoretical saturation was reached, and all interviews were transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was conducted using NVivo software to identify key themes related to parental psychological adjustment, coping mechanisms, and social interactions. The results revealed that parents experienced significant emotional distress upon receiving their child’s diagnosis, including grief, denial, and prolonged sadness. Chronic stress was a recurring theme, with concerns over financial burdens, caregiving demands, and uncertainty about their child’s future contributing to heightened anxiety. Coping strategies varied, with some parents relying on social support networks, religious beliefs, and cognitive reframing, while others struggled with emotional exhaustion and isolation. Family relationships were deeply affected, with some parents reporting marital strain and sibling adjustments, whereas others experienced strengthened familial bonds. Social stigma and external judgment further complicated parental adjustment, with many parents becoming active advocates for disability rights and inclusion. Despite the challenges, many parents reported significant personal growth, emotional resilience, and increased psychological strength over time. The psychological and emotional adjustment of parents raising children with intellectual disabilities is a complex process influenced by stress, coping mechanisms, family dynamics, and social factors. While many parents experience significant distress, those with strong support systems and adaptive strategies demonstrate greater resilience. This study highlights the need for targeted support programs, advocacy efforts, and policy interventions to enhance parental well-being and social inclusion.

Today, the environmental damage caused by manufacturing companies has pushed the business environment toward innovative green methods. Green technology innovation is one of the most important activities in this framework. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of identifying the drivers of green technology innovation for manufacturing companies in the sports industry in Iran. This research is applied in terms of its purpose and exploratory in nature, considering the use of both qualitative and quantitative methods. Two main steps were taken to conduct this research. The first step was a systematic review of the research literature to identify the drivers of green technology innovation, and the second step was screening and confirming the drivers using the Fuzzy Delphi method. The theoretical community of the research consisted of academic experts and executive managers, and 20 people were selected to participate in the expert questionnaire through judgmental sampling. Based on the research results, 21 effective drivers were identified in the first phase. Subsequently, based on the results of Phase 2, 18 drivers were confirmed. These drivers are: environmental regulations, digital finance and fintechs, digital transformation, research and development investment, consumer awareness of the environment, capital market openness, media attention, environmental information disclosure, environmental, social, and governance ratings, government subsidies, organizational leadership style, organizational culture, organizational strategy, behavioral decision-making characteristics of the senior management team, the company’s social responsibility toward the environment, green knowledge management, green intellectual capital, and green dynamic capabilities. Considering these drivers can promote green technology innovation for manufacturing companies in the sports industry, potentially improving their economic and environmental performance.

The first millennium BC is very important from the point of view of archeology and the study of the cultural developments of the Iranian plateau. In the time range of the first half of the second millennium BC to the first half of the first millennium BC, the simultaneity and closeness in time and place of the New Ilam, Samatore and Manna governments and the geographical area of ​​the western belt of the Iranian plateau has caused that these governments undoubtedly Different artistic, social and political influences have left each other and the works discovered by these regimes have not been devoid of these influences and impressions. In this research, which is a type of descriptive-analytical study and in order to collect its data, reference-field methods were used, to study and compare the metal weapons of these governments and the influence of each of them on the other and that in each The rule of what kind of metals are used and also what aspects and applications of the exposed metals in each of them have been discussed. In this study, the weapons examined in the northwestern areas under the Manna government had differences in terms of shape and form from other areas in the west of Iran at that time. Its kind of metalworking art has had more effects on the type of metalworking of Samatore governments directly and Manna government indirectly.

Despite UNCLOS serving as the primary legal framework governing maritime conduct, challenges remain in effectively embedding human rights principles, ethical governance and inclusivity within its implementation, especially in geopolitically sensitive regions such as Malay Indo Archipelago. This raises the question of how fundamental legal traditions, such as those found in 15 th century Undang-Undang Melaka, a customary maritime code emphasizing human dignity, ethical conducts, and inclusive community governance- can highly inform and enrich contemporary international maritime law. The problem lies in the apparent disconnect between modern state centered ethical governance regimes and the human centered ethical governance principles that underpin long lasting peace. This study critically examines how the human right norms embedded in the Undang- Undang Melaka align with or differ from those in UNCLOS, arguing that the incorporation of these ethical and inclusive governance principle is crucial for fostering maritime cooperation, trust, and ultimately geopolitical peace. By exploring these normative intersections through a qualitative legal analysis, the research aims to demonstrate that the revitalization of customary law’s humanistic maritime governance, promoting more equitable and peaceful relations among maritime states. 

Knowledge Management (KM) is essential in various sectors, including vocational higher education. A literature review revealed that adopting KM can improve innovation and organizational performance in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). However, some HEIs in developing countries have yet to realize the benefits of KM, and its implementation still needs improvement. The KM process is affected by several issues, including organizational barriers, knowledge hoarding, a lack of a knowledge-sharing culture, ineffective KM mechanisms, and resistance to technology. Nevertheless, only a few researchers have investigated the antecedents of KM, particularly in vocational higher education institutions. This study aims to evaluate the influence of KM foundation factors on KM processes, innovation, and organizational performance in a vocational HEI, specifically the School of Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (STMKG) in Indonesia. It also examines the mediating effects of KM processes and innovation and provides recommendations for improving STMKG's KM foundation. An explanatory research approach was applied in this study, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative techniques. The results show that Organizational Structure (OS) and Technological Factors (IT) significantly influence KM processes. Innovation (IN) is also a significant mediator between KM processes and Organizational Performance (OP). The practical implication of this study is that it provides recommendations for crucial KM factors based on Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) for policymakers to improve the foundation of KM at STMKG. Additionally, the study contributes to the academic field by providing insights for further research on KM development in vocational higher education institutions.

 Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare personality traits, Perceived Social Support, and interpersonal relationships between two groups of prisoners: those who successfully reintegrated into society and those who re-offended.Methods: This research employed a causal-comparative method. The statistical population consisted of all individuals with a prison record in the central prison of Tehran city within the last 10 years (from 2014 to 2024). The sample size was 159 individuals (88 recidivists and 71 successfully reintegrated individuals), selected through purposive sampling in two groups: recidivists and successfully reintegrated individuals. Participants were assessed using NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), and the Barton Communication Test Revised. The data were then entered into SPSS-22 statistical software for analysis and analyzed using analysis of variance and independent t-tests.Results: The findings revealed that among personality traits, significant differences between the two groups were observed only in the two dimensions of extraversion (P < 0.001) and conscientiousness (P < 0.001), as well as in the total score of Perceived Social Support (P < 0.003) and interpersonal relationships (P < 0.003). The comparison of means indicated that the meaning of these dimensions was higher in the successfully reintegrated group.Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that psychological variables such as extraversion and conscientiousness personality traits, as well as Perceived Social Support and appropriate interpersonal relationships, play a crucial role in successful reintegration into society and prevent re-offending.