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Objective: This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of anxiety in the relationship between parental conflict and adolescent sleep problems. Methods: A descriptive correlational design was employed using a sample of 404 adolescents from Pakistan, selected based on the Morgan and Krejcie table. Participants completed standardized questionnaires measuring perceived parental conflict, anxiety symptoms, and sleep disturbances. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS-27 for Pearson correlation analysis and AMOS-21 for Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The assumptions of normality, linearity, and multicollinearity were confirmed prior to analysis. The SEM approach allowed for testing both direct and indirect pathways within the proposed mediation model. Findings: Results from Pearson correlation indicated significant positive associations between parental conflict and anxiety (r = .51, p < .001), anxiety and sleep problems (r = .55, p < .001), and parental conflict and sleep problems (r = .47, p < .001). The structural model demonstrated good fit indices (χ² = 204.38, df = 84, χ²/df = 2.43, GFI = 0.94, AGFI = 0.91, CFI = 0.96, TLI = 0.95, RMSEA = 0.059). SEM analysis showed that parental conflict significantly predicted anxiety (b = 0.38, p < .001) and sleep problems (b = 0.19, p < .001), while anxiety significantly predicted sleep problems (b = 0.42, p < .001). The indirect effect of parental conflict on sleep problems through anxiety was also significant (b = 0.16, p < .001), confirming the mediating role of anxiety. Conclusion: The findings indicate that anxiety is a significant mediator in the relationship between parental conflict and adolescent sleep disturbances. These results underscore the need for family-based and anxiety-focused interventions to address sleep problems in adolescents exposed to high-conflict home environments.

Objective: Managing occupational burnout facilitates the restoration of psychological well-being and is influenced by factors such as work-family conflict. Methods:  The current research aimed to determine the effectiveness of MBCT on work-family conflict and psychological well-being in women with a Single Case Experimental Design of the AB type. The statistical population comprised all employed women who sought counseling at the Mehrazin Center in 2023. For data collection, Rastegar Khaled's Work-Family Conflict Questionnaire (2006) and Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scale (1989) were utilized. It was observed that an improvement percentage below 50% indicates the intervention is not clinically significant, except for Participant 3. Additionally, the fact that the Reliable Change Index is greater than 1.96 at P < 0.05 suggests that the intervention holds statistical significance. With 95% confidence, it can be stated that the observed change in post-test scores is statistically significant. The analysis of the data was conducted through chart analysis, the Percentage of Non-overlapping Data (PND), and the Percentage of Overlapping Data (POD). Results: The research revealed that the psychological well-being scores of the three subjects improved by 30.6% overall, and their work changes and overall improvement percentage were 36.9%. These scores indicate a change and increase in psychological well-being, as well as a reduction in work-family conflict. In all three participants, the acceptable change index (RCI) for both variables was RCI≥1.96, at the 95% confidence level, indicating that the intervention was statistically significant. Conclusion: It is recommended that this method be explored and utilized as an effective intervention for enhancing psychological well-being and reducing work-family conflict.

  Objective : Autism spectrum disorder is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by communication problems, limited social interactions, and repetitive behaviors. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of play therapy education with a parent-child approach in improving social skills in children with autism spectrum disorder. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design, a control group, and a follow-up phase. The statistical population of the study included children with autism at the Justice Center in Isfahan. The sample of the present study included 30 children with autism, including 30 children with autism, who were selected using purposive sampling and were divided into two experimental and control groups. The research instrument used was the Autism Social Skills Profile (ASSP), and play therapy education sessions with a parent-child approach were implemented in ten 90-minute sessions once a week on the experimental group. The research data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test and SPSS version 24 software. Results: The research findings showed that the difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of the mean scores of social skills variables in all stages of the experiment was significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study show that play therapy education with a parent-child approach can help improve children's social skills. Therefore, its use is recommended to strengthen social skills in children with autism spectrum disorder. Objective : Autism spectrum disorder is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by communication problems, limited social interactions, and repetitive behaviors. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of play therapy education with a parent-child approach in improving social skills in children with autism spectrum disorder. Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design, a control group, and a follow-up phase. The statistical population of the study included children with autism at the Justice Center in Isfahan. The sample of the present study included 30 children with autism, including 30 children with autism, who were selected using purposive sampling and were divided into two experimental and control groups. The research instrument used was the Autism Social Skills Profile (ASSP), and play therapy education sessions with a parent-child approach were implemented in ten 90-minute sessions once a week on the experimental group. The research data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test and SPSS version 24 software. Results: The research findings showed that the difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of the mean scores of social skills variables in all stages of the experiment was significant (P<0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study show that play therapy education with a parent-child approach can help improve children's social skills. Therefore, its use is recommended to strengthen social skills in children with autism spectrum disorder.

Objective: This study aims to examine the structural model of adolescent self-control within the family context, focusing on the contributions of parenting styles, family emotional support, and cognitive flexibility, with rumination as a mediating factor. Methods and Materials: Using a correlational design, this study targeted a population of adolescents aged 12–18 years attending urban schools in Azarshahr, Iran, in 2023. A sample of 385 adolescents was selected via multi-stage cluster sampling. Data were collected using validated instruments: the Parenting Styles Questionnaire (Darling & Toyokawa, 1997), Family Emotional Support Scale (Pierce, Sarason, & Sarason, 1991), Cognitive Flexibility Scale (Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010), and Rumination Response Scale (Nolen-Hoeksema & Morrow, 1991). Data analysis was conducted using SmartPLS software, applying structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the hypothesized model. Findings: The findings revealed significant direct effects of parenting styles, family emotional support, and cognitive flexibility on adolescent self-control (p < .05, effect size = .2). Rumination significantly mediated the relationships between these factors and self-control, underscoring its role within this dynamic. Conclusion: The results indicate that fostering positive parenting styles, supportive family environments, and flexible cognitive abilities can enhance adolescent self-control, with reduced rumination serving as a beneficial mediator. This model highlights the potential of family-centered approaches in promoting adolescent self-regulation.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Emotional Schema Therapy (EST) in improving relationship quality and conflict resolution styles among betrayed spouses. Methods: This study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with 30 participants from Tehran, Iran, who were recruited through counseling centers and online advertisements. Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (15 participants), which received eight weekly 90-minute EST sessions, or the control group (15 participants), which did not receive any therapeutic intervention during the study period. Data were collected at three time points: pre-test, post-test, and five-month follow-up, using standardized measures of relationship quality and conflict resolution styles. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used to analyze the data using SPSS version 27. Findings: The results indicated significant improvements in both relationship quality and conflict resolution styles in the experimental group compared to the control group. For relationship quality, repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant interaction effect between time and group (F(2, 54) = 82.46, p < .001). Similarly, for conflict resolution styles, a significant interaction effect was observed (F(2, 54) = 76.92, p < .001). Bonferroni post-hoc tests showed that these improvements were sustained at the five-month follow-up. Conclusion: Emotional Schema Therapy is an effective intervention for enhancing relationship quality and conflict resolution styles in betrayed spouses. By targeting maladaptive schemas and promoting emotional regulation, EST provides a comprehensive framework for addressing relational challenges following infidelity. These findings support the integration of EST into marital therapy practices.

Objective: The present study aimed to examine and compare the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy and schema therapy on attachment styles and emotion regulation in women affected by infidelity. Methods and Materials: This research employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest and control group. The statistical population included all women affected by infidelity who referred to counseling centers in Tehran in 2023. From this population, 45 participants were selected using purposive sampling and randomly assigned to three groups: the first experimental group (emotion-focused therapy, 15 participants), the second experimental group (schema therapy, 15 participants), and the control group (15 participants). The experimental groups received the respective interventions across a set number of sessions, while the control group did not receive any intervention. All three groups were assessed at pretest, posttest, and follow-up stages using the Attachment Styles Questionnaire and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Findings: Data analysis using repeated measures analysis of variance and post hoc tests indicated that both therapeutic approaches led to significant improvements in attachment styles and enhanced emotion regulation abilities in women affected by infidelity (p < .05). Moreover, a comparison of results showed that schema therapy demonstrated greater effectiveness than emotion-focused therapy in certain indices. Conclusion: Based on the findings, emotion-focused therapy and schema therapy can be considered effective approaches for promoting secure attachment styles and improving emotion regulation among women affected by infidelity.