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Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Emotional Schema Therapy (EST) in improving relationship quality and conflict resolution styles among betrayed spouses. Methods: This study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with 30 participants from Tehran, Iran, who were recruited through counseling centers and online advertisements. Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (15 participants), which received eight weekly 90-minute EST sessions, or the control group (15 participants), which did not receive any therapeutic intervention during the study period. Data were collected at three time points: pre-test, post-test, and five-month follow-up, using standardized measures of relationship quality and conflict resolution styles. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used to analyze the data using SPSS version 27. Findings: The results indicated significant improvements in both relationship quality and conflict resolution styles in the experimental group compared to the control group. For relationship quality, repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant interaction effect between time and group (F(2, 54) = 82.46, p < .001). Similarly, for conflict resolution styles, a significant interaction effect was observed (F(2, 54) = 76.92, p < .001). Bonferroni post-hoc tests showed that these improvements were sustained at the five-month follow-up. Conclusion: Emotional Schema Therapy is an effective intervention for enhancing relationship quality and conflict resolution styles in betrayed spouses. By targeting maladaptive schemas and promoting emotional regulation, EST provides a comprehensive framework for addressing relational challenges following infidelity. These findings support the integration of EST into marital therapy practices.

This study aimed to develop a model of psychological flexibility in high school students based on academic resilience, with sense of coherence as a mediating variable. A descriptive correlational design utilizing structural equation modeling was employed, involving 350 secondary school students from Khorramabad, Iran, in the 2023–2024 academic year, selected through cluster random sampling. Data were collected using the Multidimensional Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire, the Sense of Coherence Questionnaire (short version), and the Academic Resilience Scale. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS26 and AMOS24. The findings revealed significant direct effects of academic resilience (β=0.31, p<0.001) and sense of coherence (β=0.51, p<0.001) on psychological flexibility, as well as a direct effect of academic resilience on sense of coherence (β=0.56, p<0.001). Additionally, sense of coherence partially mediated the relationship between academic resilience and psychological flexibility (indirect effect=0.28, p<0.001), with academic resilience explaining 32% of the variance in sense of coherence and, together with sense of coherence, accounting for 52% of the variance in psychological flexibility. These results suggest that fostering academic resilience and sense of coherence can significantly enhance students’ psychological flexibility, providing a foundation for designing educational and psychological interventions to improve mental health and academic performance.

Introduction: Mobile phone addiction with negative psychological consequences is influenced by academic and family problems. The present study aimed to determine the mediating role of academic procrastination in the relationship between original family health and mobile phone addiction in high school female students. Method: The study employed a descriptive-correlational research approach utilizing a structural equation model. The statistical population of this research was all female students in the second year of high school in District 6 of Tehran. Among them, 200 students were recruited by random multi-stage cluster sampling, and they completed the Family of Origin Scale (1985) Academic Procrastination Scale (2000), and Mobile Phone Addiction Scale (2014). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS.21 and Amos.23 software according to the structural equation model. Findings: Results indicated a significant direct negative impact of family health (β = -0.51, p < 0.001) and a direct positive effect of academic procrastination (β = -0.58, p < 0.001) on students' mobile phone addiction. Furthermore, academic procrastination was found to act as a mediator in the association between family health and mobile phone addiction (β = -0.16, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The model demonstrated a strong fit. The mediating role of academic procrastination in the relationship between original family health and mobile phone addiction is a good model for explaining mental injuries and applying it in the field of preventing academic and behavioral problems in students.

Objective: This study aims to examine the effectiveness of reflective parenting training on emotion regulation and the parent-child relationship in mothers with children under 6 years of age. Method: This is a quantitative study with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design involving an experimental group and a control group. The statistical population includes all mothers with children under 6 years old in Isfahan. For sampling, a purposive sampling method was used by visiting kindergartens in Isfahan, and 30 participants were selected based on the cut-off point of the questionnaires and inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were randomly assigned to two groups: an experimental group (15 people) and a control group (15 people). Subsequently, reflective parenting training sessions based on the Bateman and Fonagy (2001) protocol were conducted for the experimental group, while the control group received no intervention. The research instruments included the Parent-Child Relationship Scale (Pianta, 1992) and the Emotion Regulation Inventory (Shield & Cicchetti, 1995). The collected data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests (repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test) and SPSS software. Findings: Given that the calculated F-value for between-group effects (group membership effect), within-group effects (time effect), and the interactive effect of group and time was significant at the 99% confidence level (P < 0.01), these results indicate a significant difference between the two groups. Furthermore, it suggests that this significant difference exists at least at one time point during the intervention among the research groups. The Bonferroni post hoc test results showed differences in adaptive emotion regulation, instability/negativity, and the parent-child relationship scores during the research stages between the experimental groups (P < 0.01). In other words, the reflective parenting intervention had a significant impact on improving the research variables. Conclusions: Therefore, it can be concluded that this intervention was effective on the research variables and confirms that this approach can be used as an effective strategy in improving parental abilities and reducing psychological challenges in mothers during the parenting period.

Objective:  The aim of the present study was to explore the effectiveness of group emotional schema therapy in reducing feelings of loneliness and rumination of mothers with mentally retarded children.Methods: This quasi-experimental study was a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical sample included 30 mothers with mentally retarded children who were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15 people) and a control group (15 people). The experimental group was given emotional schema therapy training for 8 sessions of 2 hours every week. The Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults and the Ruminative Response Scale were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using the multivariate analysis of the covariance test.Results: The results showed that group emotional schema therapy significantly reduced feelings of loneliness and rumination in the experimental group compared to the control group.Conclusion: The results of this research showed that emotional schema therapy can be an effective way to reduce the feelings of loneliness and rumination of mothers with mentally retarded children.

Objective: The present study aimed to examine the structural model of the relationship between parental stress and couples' communication patterns with democratic parenting, with the mediating role of wisdom. Methods: The research method was applied in nature, considering the potential use of the data, and the design was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consisted of parents of elementary school students in Tehran during the 2022-2023 academic year, from which 639 participants were selected through cluster sampling. Data collection tools included the Parental Stress Index by Abidin (1990), the Couples' Communication Patterns Scale by Christensen and Salovey (1984), the Sense of Coherence Scale by Antonovsky (1993), and the Authoritative Parenting Questionnaire by Robinson et al. (2001). The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). Findings: The results showed that the stress index, demand/withdrawal, and criticism/defense patterns had a significant negative relationship with authoritative parenting (P < 0.01). Wisdom and constructive interactions demonstrated a positive relationship with authoritative parenting (P < 0.01). Additionally, the results of the modeling indicated that the model had a good fit, and wisdom could mediate the relationship between parental stress, constructive interactions, and demand/withdrawal with authoritative parenting. Conclusion: The findings showed that the variables of parental stress, couples' communication patterns, and wisdom influence parenting.

Aim: The family is the most basic and durable social-emotional unit that plays an important role in the entire development of a person and establishes her personality. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of religious coping strategies in the relationship between psychological capital and the ability to forgive with family strength. Method: The research method is descriptive and correlation type, which was done using structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research was all married employees with children in the executive bodies of Rasht; 400 people (200 men and 200 women) were randomly selected. To collect data, Pargament et al.'s religious coping strategies, Luthans' psychological capital, Ray's forgiveness, colleagues' questionnaires, and Sham et al.'s family strength scale were used. SPSS26 and AMOS24 software were used for data analysis and model fitting, and the bootstrap method in the MACRO program was used by Preacher and Hayes to investigate the role of mediating variables. Results: The research results showed that the proposed research model has a favorable fit. Psychological capital(P=0.001, β=0.155)  and the ability to forgive(P=0.003, β=0.139) have a direct effect on family strength, and Psychological capital(P=0.001, β=0.0745) and the ability to forgive(P=0.006, β=0.0655)  have an indirect effect on family empowerment through positive religious coping strategy. Also, a negative religious coping strategy does not mediate the relationship between psychological capital(P=0.210, β=0.0169) and the ability to forgive(P=0.0144, β=0.396) with family empowerment. Conclusion: Therefore, this conceptual model can be used in the process of family counseling interventions and couple therapy to improve the quality of life as well as the strength of the family